Economic Crimes
Gusakov Yu.V.
Economic Crimes: Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Law / Book Series: The Moral Path of Humanity. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Informal Justice, 2025. – 68 p.
Author: Yuriy Gusakov, Attorney at Law, Director of the Department of Public Policy Support of the Institute of Philosophy, Academician of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies
Opponents:
Galtsev Yuri Viktorovich, Colonel-General, Director of the Institute of Informal Justice, Doctor of Philosophy of Medicine, Doctor of Philosophy of Law
Sergey V. Goryunkov, Ph.D., Director of the Research Center "Methodological Reformat", Academician of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies
Alyapkin Sergey Fedorovich, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Director of the Institute of Psychiatry and Informal Justice
Lead organization:
Institute of International Security and Informal Justice
https://sis.ast.social
The defense of the dissertation will take place after receiving feedback on the abstract and dissertation from the international scientific community at a meeting of the Dissertation Council for the defense of dissertations for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies (https://fig.ast.social).
The dissertation can be found on the Institute's website (https://fig.ast.social).
The dissertation and abstract were sent out on June 30, 2025
Introduction
Statement of the problem: the research of the scientific school of V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich from 1992 to the present has shown that the main subject of economic crimes is sociopaths (persons devoid of conscience and compassion), who become the leaders of ACG (administrative criminal groups), seize material values and dispose of them arbitrarily, causing harm to society and the state. This problem is global and relevant for the entire legal community of the world. To solve this problem, eco-social technologies have been developed, tested and offered to the public.
The globalization of the economy, the development of technology and the increasing complexity of financial transactions have created a stable ground for the emergence of new forms of fraud, tax evasion, corruption and other economic crimes. In Russia, this problem has been exacerbated by economic and social changes caused by both internal and external factors, including economic crises, market declines, corruption schemes and the development of the shadow economy.
The problem of economic crimes is multifaceted.
First, such crimes cause significant damage to the state, reducing its financial revenues and undermining the foundations of the state's defense capability and the well-being of citizens.
Secondly, they pose a threat to business, creating unequal conditions for the work of bona fide entrepreneurs and forming a corrupt environment in which shadow schemes flourish.
Economic crimes affect the interests of both individuals and organizations. Fraud in financial institutions, consumer fraud, bribes and kickbacks all lead to a loss of confidence in institutional mechanisms and exacerbate existing social problems. Ultimately, this is reflected in the standard of living of the population, especially in the face of increasing social tension and discontent.
The fight against economic crimes requires not only national, but also international efforts. It is important to consider the factors that contribute to the international convergence of economic crime, as criminal schemes can easily cross borders and take advantage of differences in the laws of different countries.
The task of specialists in the field of law, law enforcement agencies and business is to develop effective strategies and tools for detecting, preventing and combating economic crimes. This requires a comprehensive approach that includes both legal work and practical skills, as well as an understanding of the psychological, psychiatric, economic, environmental, social mechanisms of economic crime.
Objectives of the book: to give recommendations on the identification and investigation of economic crimes, as well as the protection of the rights of victims.
The purpose of this bookis to provide comprehensive information and practical guidance for professionals involved in economic crime. We will consider both theoretical aspects and practical examples to help readers better understand the complexity and diversity of economic crimes, as well as methods for combating them. This book will be a useful source of knowledge for lawyers, attorneys, businessmen and everyone who is interested in ensuring legality and justice in the economic sphere. The main goal is to deepen knowledge and create practical skills necessary to overcome the negative consequences of economic crimes and protect the rights of participants in legal relations.
Let's highlight several key goals:
Providing a theoretical basis: to create a solid foundation for understanding the nature of economic crimes, their classification and consequences so that professionals can navigate the complex legal environment. To provide new ethical foundations for the legal community and protect it from destructive ideology.
Analysis of current trends: to identify current and potential forms of economic crimes, as well as methods of their prevention, which will allow specialists to be one step ahead of criminal schemes.
Development of practical recommendations: to offer recommendations for identifying, investigating and protecting the rights of participants in economic crimes, so that readers can effectively apply the knowledge gained in practice.
Improving law enforcement mechanisms: Consider ways to improve the interaction between different public and private entities to respond more quickly to economic crime.
Improving legal literacy: To enable lawyers and other professionals to better understand the rights and obligations of all parties involved in the fight against economic crime.
Within the framework of these goals, the book sets itself several main tasks:
1. To describe the existing legal framework: to consider the legislation relating to economic crimes, as well as its changes and innovations.
2. To propose a defense strategy: to give recommendations on the protection of clients' rights and optimization of legal practice in the context of economic crimes.
3. Analyze cases: use real examples to illustrate successful and unsuccessful strategies for combating economic crimes.
4. To develop recommendations for mediation: to propose effective mechanisms for resolving disputes and conflicts arising from economic crimes, using mediation as an alternative method of resolution.
Thus, this book is intended to become a comprehensive tool for professionals, providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills in the field of identifying, investigating and protecting the rights of participants in economic crimes. It will help not only to better understand the existing problems, but also to develop effective strategies to solve them, thereby creating a safer and more sustainable business environment.
The relevance of the problem of economic crimes.Human civilization has reached such a level of development that ensuring the security and self-preservation of both an individual and the world community is moving from the plane of philosophical reasoning into an urgent practical problem, the need to solve which is becoming more and more obvious every day. The search for ways to solve this problem is relevant both for the world community as a whole and for each state individually, since the integrity of the state, its protection from destructive ideology, and the improvement of people's living standards in normal environmental conditions depend on the level of national security.
In the list of subject areas of national security, a special place belongs to economic security. Economic security is the basis of national security. It involves maintaining the well-being of citizens. The deterioration of well-being indicates a decline in the economy and the degradation of the state. It leads to a social catastrophe.
When there is no ethics in economic relations, these relations become criminal.
Scientists of the USSR V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich linked ethics with the global environmental rule (GEP): a person should not harm a person. This is a new ethic-technology for the economy of any country in the world. It consists in a simple requirement: the parties to the transaction must not harm each other and society. In order for a transaction to be ethical, it must be discussed in society and be public. It is this mechanism of economic development that was proposed to the whole world by V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich. The use of new ethics (ethics-technology) in the economy makes it possible to protect it from crime.
The request of entrepreneurs around the world: ensuring the fulfillment of obligations.
Method of ensure: ethical regulation of relations, when a transaction is concluded on the basis of a public agreement.
A public agreement regulates the economic relations between the buyer and the seller.
Public discussion and assessment of the social significance of the transaction guarantees compliance with the obligations assumed. Ethical and legal mechanism for compliance with the obligations assumed: if one of the parties to the transaction harms the other, the affected businessman informs the company about it. The subject of registration of such a trace, for example, can be the International Social Bureau:
https://globalnrav.ast.social/obshestvenniy-sovet.html
The Public Ethics Commission, formed from representatives of society at the International Social Bureau, may conduct an inspection based on the materials of the complaint. Based on the results of the audit, one of the following decisions is made:
1. To satisfy the complaint if signs of bad faith of the party to the transaction are established:
deceit;
slander;
discredit;
incitement to hatred;
arbitrariness;
irresponsibility;
unscrupulousness;
immorality;
greed;
cupidity;
mental modesty;
egoism.
Then inform the business community and citizens of all regions of the world that the fact of sabotage on the part of a particular participant in the transaction has been established.
Harm is a violation of the conditions of normal life activity felt and experienced by a person.
2. To refuse to satisfy the complaint, since the fact of sabotage on the part of a particular participant in the transaction has not been established.
Informing the business community and citizens is carried out as follows: organization of public and business discussion and assessment of the unscrupulous participant in the transaction, calculation of his morality index (or harm index); ensuring the recognition of the damaged participant of the transaction for the business community and citizens of all regions of the world by posting relevant information on discursive and evaluative platforms:
Globalnrav: https://globalnrav.ast.social
Open Europe: https://euroopen.ast.social
The technology for countering economic crime is based on a public discussion of the transaction for its compliance with the global environmental principle. The new ethics will provide the necessary ecology of relations between entrepreneurs of the world. The ecology of relationships is set by the global ethical principle (GEP – a person should not harm a person). The consequence of the use of ethics technology is the ethical regulation of business relations and the maintenance of the necessary level of security between economic entities. Profit is not the goal, but the consequence of the organization's activities, and the goal is to create for others.
Creation is a socially useful activity in the course of which a person gives others more than he receives in return. Ethics-technology is a tool for group and mass assessment of morality and professional compliance of entrepreneurs who have assumed certain obligations under transactions. It is aimed at ensuring the stability and reliability of contractual relations between the parties to transactions.
In a period of difficult economic situation in the world, when the rules and procedures for doing business are changing every day, all kinds of sanctions are introduced and lifted, and loan rates are floating, many international organizations offer another fundamental basis for economic activity:
Institute of Informal Justice
https://uigk.ast.social
International Agency for Informal Justice
https://www.iiya.ast.social
International Social Bureau
https://globalnrav.ast.social/obshestvenniy-sovet.html
Open Europe
https://euroopen.ast.social
GN
https://globalnrav.ast.social
The new economy is based on a fundamentally different approach, which forms a new worldview of entrepreneurs. This is a view of the world around us and economic activity through the prism of morality, consisting of three facets: non-infliction of damage to oneself, neighbors, and the environment.
In the general complex of these measures, the leading role belongs to the development and creation of economic and legal conditions that exclude the criminalization of society and all spheres of economic and financial activity, since without solving this problem it is impossible to ensure such a level of economic processes that would guarantee the normal functioning of a market economy both in ordinary and extreme conditions.
The relevance of choosing a research topic
Economic crimes undermine the foundations of the state's defense capability.
The elimination of economic crimes is the basis of the defense and security of society and the state. The most effective fight against economic crime can be waged only by moral citizens – true patriots of the Fatherland.
An immoral citizen will betray and sell the Fatherland. It is immoral persons who commit economic crimes in order to weaken the country's defense and satisfy their selfish interests.
Adherents of the destructive ideology of money embark on the immoral path of economic crimes.
The analysis of special scientific literature and law enforcement practice indicates that the problem of combating economic crimes remains acute and highly relevant, against the background of other global unfavorable trends. The active expansion into the official economic and business circulation of shadow capital obtained as a result of committing crimes is extremely dangerous for a number of factors related to both the functioning of the economic system of the state and the progression of undesirable social phenomena, namely administrative criminal groups (ACG), corruption and organized crime. The negative consequences of the assimilation of shadow capital are not only of different scales for the economy and social life of the country, but are not always fully realized: from undermining state security, the collapse of the socio-economic sphere to the financing of extremist and terrorist activities. This act is recognized in legal science as highly latent, characterized by hidden mechanisms for carrying out a series of financial and economic transactions, a complex composition of administrative criminal groups specializing in this act, with a differentiated division of roles.
The increased public danger of further escalation of this destructive social phenomenon is recognized not only at the federal, but also at the international level, which is confirmed by international legal documents designed to coordinate the efforts of law enforcement agencies of a number of states in the fight against both the direct legalization (laundering) of shadow capital, and other phenomena that are mutually generated and mutually conditioned in relation to legalization. Criminalization of legalization (laundering) of money or other property obtained as a result of a crime is a traditional phenomenon for all countries of the world.
Due to the lack of uniformity in legal science and in law enforcement practice, investigators make radically opposite decisions in essence in similar situations, which is unacceptable. The potential of the criminalistic characteristics of crimes in the organization of investigation and the implementation of individual investigative actions is not fully used, the evidentiary base in the case sometimes suffers from one-sidedness and tendentiousness. The connection between the legalized material values and the original criminal act is poorly revealed. It is not always exhaustively proven that the actions of the perpetrators of crimes have a specific purpose of legalization (laundering) of money or other property acquired by criminal means, which distinguishes legalization from other economic crimes.
It is no coincidence that the judicial perspective of criminal cases on the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds is characterized by instability and a significant number of acquittals, which indicates the low quality of the preliminary investigation. The study of the materials of criminal cases and other empirical sources on this category of crimes allowed us to conclude that there is a set of typical problems that indicate an urgent need for a thorough monographic study, which prompted the author to choose this topic of research. The degree of scientific development of the problem.
A number of authors devoted their works to the problems of disclosure and investigation of economic crimes, including those related to the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime. Without belittling the scientific achievements of researchers, it should be noted that these works consider many problems generated by the process of formation of a particular forensic methodology for investigating these crimes.
The object of the researchis economic crimes aimed at seizing finances and other resources for the selfish purposes of personal enrichment and maintaining one's own arbitrariness and irresponsibility.
The subject of this researchis administrative criminal groups as a subject of economic crimes.
The purpose of the study is to develop a set of socio-technological and criminalistic recommendations aimed at minimizing economic crimes.
Achieving this goal is possible if the following intermediate tasks are met:
- study and generalization of the features of criminal activity in the field of economic crimes;
- study of special scientific literature that reveals philosophical, legal, social, criminological, criminalistic and other aspects of the fight against economic crimes;
- development of a criminalistic characteristic of this act on the basis of the study of the mechanism of economic crimes;
- identification of typical problems of receipt and verification of initial information at the stage of initiating a criminal case on the signs of an economic crime;
- clarification of the list of circumstances to be proved in cases of the analyzed category of crimes;
- taking into account the provisions of the doctrine of the investigative situation, the development and systematization of a list of initial investigative situations typical for the initial stage of the investigation;
- formulation of criminalistic recommendations that contribute to increasing the effectiveness of individual investigative actions in the investigation of crimes of this category, based on knowledge of the regularities of the mechanism of committing crimes of this category;
- development of other provisions aimed at improving the private forensic methodology of investigating economic crimes, as well as increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement practice in this area.
Methodology and methods of research. The methodological basis of the study is the discursive-evaluative method (DOM) – a method of regulating social relations based on group expert and mass assessment when discussing socially significant and legal decisions. In addition, other methods of cognition were used: historical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, comparison, description, modeling, observation; questionnaires and interviews, generalization of judicial and investigative practice, etc.
The theoretical basis of the study is the social theory of the military-scientific school of the USSR (V.A. Chigirev, P.I. Yunatskevich). According to this theory, the main subjects of economic crimes are persons who are devoid of conscience and empathy for people.
This group of li includes sociopaths and psychopaths. A sociopath has three signs:
when he speaks, he lies;
when he promises, he does not fulfill;
When he is trusted, he betrays.
A psychopath is characterized by obvious character defects. He cannot adapt normally to society, violates the norms of law and morality. Such a person (psychopath) harms others, considers them as tools for satisfying his egoistic desires. Does not empathize with others.
In addition to normal people, subjects are born who lack conscience and a sense of compassion for people. They do not develop the cognitive field that normal people have—a harmless and constructive attitude toward themselves and others. Therefore, they gain evolutionary superiority over normal people, not considering them as human.
Sociopaths and psychopaths (persons devoid of conscience and compassion) use normal people as tools to ensure their own arbitrariness and feeding. It is impossible to negotiate with a sociopath and a psychopath. He considers all others as his breeding ground, food base. At the same time, they can hide behind religion, humanism, talk about good and evil, world trade, the well-being of citizens, so that no one recognizes him (a sociopath, a psychopath).
Evil is him, a sociopath, a psychopath. His exposure as the main enemy of mankind is the historical merit of the military scientific school of V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich.
The main problem of war and peace, economic crimes is the pathological immorality of individual subjects – sociopaths and psychopaths. They are not educated, not correctable like reptiles (reptilians). A crocodile can be kept at home and can even be petted when it is full. But when the crocodile gets hungry, it will calmly eat its owner or mistress: "It's your fault that I'm hungry." Reptilians look like humans, they are mistaken for humans, but they are non-humans. There is no good and evil for a crocodile. For him, good is food. A sociopath feeds on money, property, and the resources of society and the state. It is useless to talk to him. A pathological subject will harm an interlocutor, partner, or ally at the first opportunity. He doesn't consider you a human being.
Such subjects are said to be devil people. They speak without values about moral and spiritual values, humanism, law, peace and profitable trade. But in fact, humanity has been suffering from these madmen for thousands of years. It is easy for them to sneak into power and use it to incite others to bloody war, to systematic and mass crimes. Evil is the presence of such mentally ill people.
The military scientific school of V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich developed methods for diagnosing sociopaths, filtering them in order to prevent such pathological subjects from reaching the strategic nuclear forces and space forces. A system of psychological and psychiatric support for military and civilian public administration was also developed and implemented. Sociopaths are identified with the help of group and collective assessments (GOL and KOL methods) in primary educational, industrial, professional, and managerial teams. People mark such people as pests, immoral, who have lost their conscience and compassion for others.
The simplicity of these methods guarantees easy learning and practical implementation in order to identify sociopaths in time and prevent them from socially significant positions, including in the law enforcement and legal community. It is sociopaths who make law enforcement immoral, create a deficit of justice, and undermine the foundations of state security and defense of any country in the world. It is difficult for a normal person to recognize a sociopath. They look like people, speak beautifully, call for everything good and kind. But this is only at first glance. It is enough to collect data on the life path of such a subject, draw up a profile of his personality, assess his personality using the methods of GOL and KOL, and it turns out that he is a sociopath.
The modern social theory of V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich has become a historic event for the whole world. This theory is used by lawyers to combat economic crimes. The social theory, practice and technologies of the military scientific school of V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich are of the most serious importance for all countries of the world. It exposes the main historical and modern enemies of humanity and the subjects of crime – sociopaths, psychopaths. It is impossible to follow these subjects, it is dangerous to listen and communicate with them. They must be identified in time and excluded from all socially significant positions, then humanity will be able to overcome its main vice - lethal wars and crime, generated from century to century by sociopaths and psychopaths.
The normative basis of the study is international legal acts that determine modern priorities in the fight against economic crimes. The empirical base of the research consists of: data obtained in the process of analysis and generalization of materials of 100 criminal cases of crimes; the results of interviews with 100 investigators and other employees who took part in the investigation of crimes of this category; empirical results obtained by other authors, published statistics, the author's own long experience in investigative bodies, specializing in the detection, disclosure and investigation of economic crimes.
The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, taking into account the updated criminal and criminal procedure legislation on the basis of modern empirical material and theoretical and methodological base, as a result of the analysis of the previous dissertation and other studies devoted to similar issues, the technology of combating economic crimes is proposed. A refined criminalistic characteristic of economic crimes has been developed and presented. The following scientific provisions are submitted for public discussion.
1. Economic crimes are aimed at stealing, seizing and retaining material resources, primarily money and minerals, energy resources. The seizure of material values is aimed at ensuring their own arbitrariness, irresponsibility and immorality of criminals. Material values are seized by administrative and criminal means. Officials of public authorities create a criminal community (ACG – administrative criminal group), with the help of which they seize material values and then put them into public economic circulation.
2. Recognizing the criminalistic characteristics of crimes as an important tool for the successful disclosure and investigation of criminal encroachments, the structure and content of this scientific abstraction have been formed:
method (preparation, commission and concealment) of the crime – conspiracy of public officials for mercenary purposes;
features of the mechanism of trace formation – reflection of collusion in the management documentation of the public authority, according to which the seizure of their circulation of material values from some persons and the transfer (including forced through court decisions and enforcement proceedings) of resources to controlled persons is carried out, further introduction of material values into primitive economic circulation – sale of value (for example, sale of raw materials without creating a final product);
features of the subject of legalization – the subject of legalization is a public authority and a dependent company close to it;
features of the circumstances of the crime (factors contributing to the commission of the crime, spatial-temporal conditions of the crime) – the crime is committed as a result of the destructive influence of the ideology of money (faith in money as in God), as well as due to the mental socially dangerous disease "sociopathy";
Features of the subject of the criminal encroachment – the subject of the criminal encroachment is material values.
3. Sociopathization of a person is the loss of conscience and compassion for people, a negligent attitude to public interests, remorse of greed and inadequate ambitions.
Immoral worldview, the priority of material values over spiritual ones.
Readiness to enter into criminal conspiracy to seize and appropriate material values.
Failure to comply with the terms of collusion, new collusions.
Betrayal of each other on the grounds of envy and greed, which contributes to the detection and investigation of economic crimes.
4. The scientific school of V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich formulated the following model of the process of economic crimes:
sociopathization – immorality – priority of the material over the spiritual – conspiracy – seizure of material values – arbitrariness of disposal of material values – betrayal – punishment. The use of this model of economic crimes makes it possible to create an adequate mechanism for protecting society and the state from this type of crime: education of moral citizens - true patriots of the Fatherland, who have the priority of the spiritual over the material;
they openly discuss and decide everything, adhere to the global ecological principle (GEP – a person should not harm people and the environment);
are somatically and mentally healthy;
They do not participate in criminal conspiracies, sociopaths are identified and do not interact with them, they are recommended to be treated and study.
4. A criminalistically significant quality of organized groups committing economic crimes is their involvement in public authorities formed through mercenary collusion of officials acting under the destructive influence of the ideology of money – the priority of the material over the spiritual. The form of organization of a criminal community is an administrative criminal group (ACG).
5. The features of the traces left are an objective manifestation of the chosen method of committing a crime, to a certain extent characterize the subjects of crimes, their professional knowledge, skills and abilities, some psychological qualities, which is confirmed by the developed classification of traces:
Group 1 - money, other material values, other objects of the material world that were directly the subject of the initial (main) crime;
Group 2 – legal documents of the public authority acting under the dictation of the ACG, aimed at the seizure of material values and their arbitrary disposal;
Group 3 - documents of title and related documents reflecting the fact of a transaction or operation, the moment of emergence and transfer of ownership or other legal possession;
Group 4 – primary accounting documents reflecting a specific financial transaction or other transaction;
Group 5 – other accounting and reporting documents;
Group 6 - information resources (files) contained in computer devices or other (removable) data carriers;
Group 7 - personnel, official documents;
Group 8 - draft notes;
Group 9 – perfect footprints;
Group 10 – traces-reflections studied within the framework of forensic traceology.
Group 11 – data on attitudes towards the subjects of the crime (negative group assessment of the offender's personality or mass negative assessment of the personality of the ACG leader).
6. The most typical reason for initiating a criminal case on the commission of an economic crime is a report of a crime committed or being prepared, received from one of the participants in the criminal conspiracy.
7. The author's classification of initial investigative situations is presented, in relation to each of them, an appropriate sequence of investigative and other procedural actions has been developed:
1. Signs of seizure of material values are established in the course of investigation of the main (initial) crime:
1.1. Signs of seizure of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are established in the process of investigation of the main (initial) crime; most of the accomplices in the seizure of these material values have been identified; material values subject to seizure or legalization are at the disposal of investigators;
1.2. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are revealed in the process of investigation of the main (initial) crime; some of the persons involved in the seizure and legalization (laundering) of these material values have been identified, the subject of seizure and legalization is known, but not attached to the materials of the criminal case;
1.3. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are revealed in the process of investigation of the main (initial) crime; information on the persons involved in the seizure and legalization (laundering) of these material values, and on the location of the subject of legalization is insufficient;
2. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are revealed simultaneously with the signs of the commission of the main (initial) crime:
2.1. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are identified simultaneously with the signs of the commission of the main (initial) crime; the majority of accomplices in the legalization (laundering) of these material values have been identified; material values subject to seizure and legalization are at the disposal of investigators;
2.2. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are identified simultaneously with the signs of the commission of the main (initial) crime; some of the persons involved in the seizure and legalization (laundering) of these material values have been identified, the subject of legalization is known, but not attached to the materials of the criminal case;
2.3. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are revealed simultaneously with the signs of the commission of the main (initial) crime; Information about the persons involved in the seizure and legalization (laundering) of data of material values, and about the location of the subject of seizure and legalization is insufficient.
3. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of a crime are established by analyzing the information provided on the results of operational-search activities carried out by operational units within their powers.
3.1. According to the operational data, the process of seizure and legalization has been completed, the seized and legalized material values as a result of a set of operations or transactions have acquired the status of legally acquired.
3.2. According to the operational data, the process of seizure and legalization (laundering) is at the stage of implementation (implementation).
4. Signs of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are established by verification and analysis of information provided by state bodies vested with registration, permitting or control and supervisory powers.
8. The mechanism of seizure and legalization (laundering) of money or other property obtained as a result of the commission of a crime causes a high activity of interested persons to conceal the signs of criminal activity, both in the sphere of the administrative and criminal source of origin of material values, and in the sphere of its introduction into the official (legal) financial and economic turnover, which actualizes the need for wider use of the search potential as a investigative action. The tactics of searching the leader of the ACG is a certain set of actions performed publicly by the investigative authorities in relation to the head or other official of the public authority. A precondition for such a search is the establishment of the nature of relations with this person on the part of citizens. Searches are carried out only in relation to such persons in respect of whom a negative civil consent has been formed.
Negative civil consent is a consolidated, condemning opinion of many social subjects about the social actions or inactions of other social subjects. It is a tool for citizens, society and the state to ensure the priority of the spiritual over the material, to protect and strengthen spiritual and moral values.
9. A set of recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of search and seizure in the investigation of economic crimes is presented in the form of:
clarification of the specific tasks of these investigative actions (which are of particular importance in controversial situations concerning the ambiguity of the choice of search or seizure);
systematization of objects and documents seized by search and seizure;
determination of typical places that are the objects of search or seizure;
presentation of the most effective methods of conducting these investigative actions in various intermediate situations.
10. The Criminal Code should be supplemented with a new part regulating the specifics of searches for the purpose of detecting and seizing objects and documents from heads and officials of public authorities who have lost public trust. This search should be carried out publicly with detailed media coverage to prevent economic crimes committed on a massive scale by other ACGs.
11. The interrogation of a suspect in criminal cases of economic crimes has specific features: First, the subject area of the interrogation of the specified subject depends on the following typical intermediate situations:
- the investigation of legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds is carried out within the framework of the main (initial, predicate) crime, simultaneously with it;
- the investigation of the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds is carried out within the framework of an independent criminal case; the materials of the previously investigated criminal case on the main (initial) crime have been attached to the pending case;
- the investigation of the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds is carried out within the framework of an independent criminal case; at the time of interrogation, the materials of the previously investigated case on the main (initial) crime have not yet been attached to the case under investigation;
- Secondly, the tactical features of the interrogation of the suspect are predetermined by the individual or group (organized) nature of legalization (laundering);
- Thirdly, the methods of interrogation depend on the attitude (position) of the suspect on the fact of suspicion of his involvement in the commission of a crime: the main (initial) and (or) legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds.
The subject of interrogation of suspects in the seizure and legalization (laundering) of money and other material values obtained as a result of the commission of a crime are material values and participants in conspiracies to seize them.
The theoretical and practical significance of the results of the study lies in the fact that, summarizing and systematizing the results of previous studies on similar issues carried out earlier, integrating them with the author's scientific developments, the work contains new theoretical provisions that contribute to the further development of criminalistic methodology as a branch of the science of criminalistics. The theoretical conclusions obtained by the author can be used in further scientific research on this issue.
It is revealed that the main condition for the prevention of economic crimes is a change in the worldview paradigm - the process of transition to a moral worldview built on the recognition of morality and immorality, harmful and creative, spiritual and selfish. The moral worldview carries out ethical self-regulation of human behavior within the boundaries set by moral rule III-C: do not harm oneself, neighbors, the environment either in thought, word, or deed; to create for oneself, neighbors, and the environment by thought, word, and deed.
A moral person will not become a subject of economic crime. Only an immoral person is capable of such crimes that undermine the foundations of the security of society and the state. The technology of changing the worldview paradigm is based on the discursive-evaluative method (DOM), which consists in organizing broad participation of citizens in the discussion and evaluation of socially significant decisions from the standpoint of GEP, GEMP, III-C.
The Global Ecological Principle (GEP): a person should not harm himself, other people and the environment.
The Global Ethical Moral Principle (GEMP): A person should behave in a way that does not harm himself, other people and the environment.
Moral Rule III-C: Do not harm yourself (C1), your neighbors (C2), your environment (C3) by thought, word, or deed; Create for yourself, your neighbors, and your environment by thought, word, and deed.
The practical significance of the study lies in its relevance in conducting classroom classes in criminalistics and related special courses of economic orientation in educational institutions of the legal profile, in the system of professional retraining and advanced training of law enforcement officers, as well as in the direct practical activities of the subjects of investigative, operational and judicial bodies. Certain provisions of this work related to recommendations for the interpretation and application of various normative imperatives of a problematic nature can be useful in the process of rule-making.
Ecosocial technology for the prevention of economic crimes is of particular practical value. Ecosocial technology for the prevention of economic crimes consists in the creation of a discursive and evaluative practice of identifying universal enemies of mankind (sociopaths, social parasites, leaders of ACG), who, in order to preserve their arbitrariness, immorality and irresponsibility, as well as to retain the seized power and material values, incite local and global lethal wars, push people, peoples and states into bloody slaughters under various kinds of demagogic and provocative slogans.
Ecosocial technologies (ECT) are a set of methods for applying the discursive-evaluative method when discussing and evaluating a specific socially significant decision with the participation of experts, specialists and the masses of citizens.
Teaching Creative Work as a Way to Prevent Economic Crime
Concepts:
creative labor is a human activity aimed at creating material and intangible benefits for other people, which give positive feedback by consuming these benefits;
creation is a socially useful activity in the course of which a person gives others more than he receives in return;
morality is the harmless and creative behavior of a person in relation to himself and other people.
The main condition that excludes mass and systematic economic crimes is the formation of the habit of creative work among the population. The relevance of forming the habit of creative work makes it possible to reduce the level of economic crimes. In educational institutions, the process of forming the habit of work among children, young people and adults is faced with the influence of the destructive neoliberal ideology – the ideology of money (faith in money as in God), which has caused a global crisis of morality. This requires new approaches to the organization of labor education and training, overcoming the parasitic lifestyle and laziness, the desire to get as much as possible, while not giving anything in return.
The relevance and necessity of forming the habit of creative work among citizens is caused by a number of contradictions that are present in the modern educational and economic space between: the destructive ideology of money and the global demand of society for morality, freedom, justice; the loss of the habit of work of the masses of citizens and the demand of society for well-being, fair distribution of income from the sale of energy and other raw materials; the task of labor education declared at the state level and the demonstration of a parasitic consumer lifestyle on the unearned income of certain categories of the population, close to the sources of budget distribution and power.
Our military-scientific school of Viktor Anatolyevich Chigirev and Pyotr Ivanovich Yunatskevich has developed and introduced into world practice the ecological, ethical and technological basis for fostering the habit of creative work, which is based on the following principles, rules, methods and technologies:
The Global Ecological Principle(GEP): a person should not harm himself, other people and the environment.
The Global Ethical Moral Principle(GEMP): A person should behave in a way that does not harm himself, other people and the environment.
Moral Rule III-C: Do not harm yourself (C1), your neighbors (C2), your environment (C3) by thought, word, or deed; Create for yourself, your neighbors, and your environment by thought, word, and deed.
Discursive-evaluative method(DOM): consists in organizing broad participation of citizens in the discussion and evaluation of socially significant decisions from the standpoint of GEP, GEMP, III-C; serves as the basis for the technology of forming the habit of creative high-performance work among the masses of citizens;
Ecosocial technologies(ECT) are a set of methods for applying the discursive-evaluative method when discussing and evaluating a specific socially significant decision with the participation of experts, specialists and the masses of citizens.
Moral pedagogy(NP) or ecopedagogy (EP): a practical pedagogical science about the ways of teaching and educating high-performance labor forces and reserves, supplemented by the discursive-evaluative method.
The educational task of fostering the habit of creative work is to use the discursive-evaluative method and moral pedagogy to form a sense of duty and personal responsibility for the entrusted work. This is the most important socially important quality of high-performance labor resources - responsible workers and employees, managers and bosses. Ecopedagogy is based on the global ecological principle and the discursive-evaluative method.
Their interaction integrates the social and personal-individual levels. As a result, the moral personality of a person of creative work is formed, who observes the rule of III-C in behavior (do not harm oneself (C1), neighbors (C2), environment (C3) neither by thought, nor by word, nor deed; create for oneself, neighbors, environment by thought, word, deed).
Only a moral citizen can work creatively. An immoral person is oriented towards hedonism, consumption, and parasitism. He is not able to overcome the hardships and hardships of working life. He is a slacker, an imitator, a dependent, who is indifferent to the task entrusted to him, work in his specialty, the fate of the country's economic strategies and plans.
The main direction of fostering the habit of creative work is the assimilation of the value norm (rules III-C) by the individual in the process of education and upbringing, further consolidation of this rule in discursive and evaluative practices and techniques used in teaching various academic disciplines in educational institutions. In their lessons, teachers, with the help of didactic examples, form the habit of creative work, not indifferent to the entrusted work.
The results of the creative work of students are demonstrated, evaluated and discussed as the basic value of the personality of each student and pupil. Students are clearly shown by examples how morality and creative work are inextricably linked in the process of people's life, and is identified in communication as a group and social value, approved by society and demanded by the state for all citizens, especially for persons occupying socially significant positions and public positions.
Fostering the true habit of creative work is possible under the following socio-pedagogical conditions:
state and municipal authorities will begin to really pursue the moral policy defined by the Declaration of the Moral Path of Mankind;
the use of the concepts of developmental education, universal educational activities in the system of national education will be stopped and there will be a return to the pedagogical concept of the USSR "ZUN" - the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities in students;
The technology of education and training of citizens will be carried out according to the socio-pedagogical formula:
DOM + III-C,
Where is: DOM – discursive-evaluative method;
III-C – moral rule.
This will make it possible to get moral hardworking employees and leaders who will establish moral and legal order in the country, stop the collapse of the country, and restore justice; this will eventually affect the increase in labor productivity and become an object of imitation, that is, it will launch the mechanism for identifying the habit of creative work in students;
Observing honest, moral, fair, competent, creatively working officials in power, feeling the new moral policy, children, teenagers and young people will begin to imitate them, copy the moral and labor practices of behavior and attitudes of these people;
the military-political leadership of the country must show young people and all other categories of the population a global social humanitarian project comparable to the USSR; such a project was developed by the military scientific school of the USSR (V.A. Chigirev, P.I. Yunatskevich), reflected in the Declaration of the Moral Path of Mankind No AEST/1/2024 of 01/31/2024: Declaration of the Moral Path of Mankind / Series of Books:
The Moral Path of Humanity. – New York – St. Petersburg, Academy of Environmental and Social Technologies, October 2024. – 39 c.;
Without a global project, the education of true patriots is impossible, people will feel like patriots of other states.
The international significance of the Declaration of the Moral Path of Mankind lies in the fact that, in fact, a new project "Moral Path" that surpasses the global project of the USSR is proposed, which is aimed at the reproduction of a moral citizen who does not harm and creates. It is this kind of person that other peoples of the world will follow, sharing the idea of the moral path.
The Declaration sets a new policy of ensuring the priority of the spiritual over the material, the education of a moral citizen who creates for others, it is mandatory to protect against the destructive ideology of the cult of money (the ideology-technology of money), the primacy of the material over the spiritual.
The Declaration of the Moral Path also outlines the vector of the new financial policy of the state: money should be directed to the development of human potential, all projects should be financed only if, in addition to solving material problems, they strengthen the morality of the citizens of the Russian Federation, support the priority of the spiritual over the material.
Spirituality arises when a person works for the benefit of other people, creates for them.
By applying all the efforts of the state and society to the practical application of the Declaration of the Moral Path of Mankind, we thereby become volunteers of the moral path of all mankind, create a moral atmosphere in our families, in our business, in our work and in our service. We do no harm and create, which allows us to carry out moral consolidation with all citizens of the world.
The presence of a global project in the state is the main socio-pedagogical condition for the prevention of economic crimes.
A state that does not pursue a moral policy is destroyed, disappears from the map of the world.
The subjects of the formation of the habit of creative work are the educational, pedagogical and managerial teams formed in the class by the management of the educational institution and the class teacher, as well as the parents of students, then by the teachers of the educational institution, state and municipal employees. Educational (pedagogical, labor, professional, managerial) collective is a social group in which a moral atmosphere has been formed, characterized by the following features:
internal unity of ideas, goals, tasks;
joint method of activity; mutual assistance and support for each other on the principle of "one for all and all for one";
self-management, where each member of the team plays the role of an executor in solving one task, and a leader in solving another;
the opportunity for each member of the team to gain authority in the form of general recognition of achievements in study and work;
friendship, calmness and confidence in the future of each member of the team;
constructive behavior of team members, ensuring their mental and somatic health;
a sense of pride in belonging to the educational team;
joint discussion and adoption of educational and managerial decisions.
The formation of the habit of creative work is carried out through the use of the pedagogical concept of the USSR "ZUN" - the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities in students.
ZUN is a pedagogical category that includes three concepts: "knowledge, abilities, skills".
ZUN is expressed in specific results evaluated by teachers and educators in the discursive and evaluative practice of students and graduates. The formation of knowledge and skills is carried out in all students in clear and simple ways, built on collective cognitive and labor action in direct interaction with the parent, teacher and teacher.
The ZUN includes three components:
1. Knowledge is the ideas necessary for the life of students about the life of a person and society, relations between people, household and labor actions. These ideas are formed on clear examples of students' life activities, aimed at consolidating moral relations between people, the habits of mental and physical work. Education is aimed at a simple and accessible form for everyone to convey the ideas and life of a hardworking and moral person and society. This is the theoretical part of any academic subject.
It is aimed at the formation and consolidation of conceptual thinking in students. Observing, evaluating and discussing with others the phenomena of the surrounding life, a person uses concepts, strict and clear definitions that reflect the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the observed objects and relations. Conceptual thinking is formed by memorizing clear, understandable, short definitions. They should reflect the phenomena of the surrounding world. The teacher also forms logical connections between concepts so that students can consolidate these connections, and they can independently reproduce them in everyday life, study and work.
Knowledge is transmitted in a simple, clear, intelligible form with an emphasis on technology, that is, what actions must be performed in order to change the cognizable reality of the spiritual and material world. Moreover, spirituality in the secular sense is defined as a creative activity for others – in the course of interaction, you give them more than you take in return. The assimilation of concepts is evaluated during a conversation between the teacher and the student. Test procedures are used only as a method of current, but not final control of knowledge. Verbal pronunciation of the learned concepts and their definitions and explanations is important.
The ways of fixing knowledge are reading and writing. Students write down the definitions of concepts. Then they are discussed, consolidated by public reading and explanation of the texts. The habit of reading fiction and popular science, applied literature on their own is formed by parents on the basis of personal example and the organization of home reading and discussion of the material read.
2. Skills are practical, mental, physical, social actions that are formed in a student in the process of his interaction with parents, teachers, educators, and the environment. Spirituality in the secular sense is formed in children as a habit of creative work. Creation is a socially useful activity in the course of which a person gives others more than he receives in return. Morality is formed in the course of memorization, regular reproduction, starting from the age of three, of the moral rule of the three S.
Only a moral person can work creatively. The state helps citizens to become moral, and moral citizens work creatively for the common good. The main method of labor education is the personal example of the leader.
3. Skills. A skill is a skill brought to automatism, when a person performs certain actions without much effort and energy costs. A skill arises after repeated practical application of the acquired skills. In modern pedagogy, ZUN should be considered as the main structural elements of education and as interrelated and interdependent components. Knowledge serves as the basis for the development of skills, and skills, in turn, are used for the formation and development of skills.
The structure of advanced (progressive) education:
1. Obtaining knowledge about an object or phenomenon.
2. Formation of the ability to operate or interact with an object or phenomenon.
3. Acquisition of skills on the basis of repeated reproduction of skills in educational and labor practice.
Labor skills should be transformed into labor skills. A student must receive several primary specialties in a civilian profile (for example, an assistant worker).
Structural and logical scheme of habit education to creative work
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The country's leadership pursues a moral policy Rotations: removal from power of immoral persons who have lost public trust Filtering: timely identification and rotation of sociopaths (persons without conscience and compassion for people) and psychopaths from socially significant positions Change of ideology: the bearers of the destructive ideology of money (the priority of the material over the spiritual) are removed from public authorities, the priority of the spiritual over the material is maintained by personal example Moral policy determines the new economy: for everyone; Money becomes an accessible tool of creation for everyone, the concentration of money in the hands of immoral persons capable of causing harm to society is not allowed Personnel policy: the state organizes the education, training and appointment of moral personnel with a developed sense of duty and personal responsibility for the work entrusted to them; Only a moral citizen can work creatively Management is carried out on a collective basis: the subject of management, training and education, professional activity are collectives that are formed by public authorities Management technology: socially significant decisions are discussed, evaluated by labor and management teams with the participation of groups of experts and masses of citizens in such a way that they do not contradict the global environmental principle: man does not harm man |
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The country's leadership presents to the international community a project of its future, which does not contradict philosophical and religious doctrines, and acts as a unifying one for all "The Moral Path of Humanity": Do not harm and create, discuss and do everything together |
Creative work is a traditional spiritual and moral value.
The formation of this value is possible under the following conditions: The first necessary, but insufficient condition for the formation of the habit of creative work is the morality of state policy, managers and specialists focused on creative work.
Morality is a harmless and creative behavior of a person in relation to himself and other people.
Creation is a socially useful activity in the course of which a person gives others more than he receives in return.
If there is no moral policy, the economy and finances of the country are managed by immoral persons, then the creative work itself becomes imitative, sham, mythical.
Without moral politicians, leaders and specialists, we will never be able to form the habit of creative work among the citizens of the country. Observing hedonism and parasitism, the "sweet life" on unearned income, people will stop working. They will look for easier, and, as a rule, criminal ways to get money. Immoral politicians, leaders and specialists, as practice shows, make any deals in order to sell, betray the Fatherland. The ideology of money is the main traditional value for them. Self-interest, orientation to personal gain, remorse of greed make such politicians, managers, and specialists saboteurs.
Politics is a concern for the well-being of the people. Only those who really carry out this concern should be allowed to engage in political activity, and people confirm this. The use of the state and power as a private instrument for commercial transactions in the interests of personal enrichment at any cost is immoral. And such a vicious practice must be stopped.
Effective management is also impossible without morality. An immoral leader is ineffective in principle. The morality of the leader is strengthened by the management team. This is the highest form of social organization, which is characterized by the unity of higher social goals, the priority of the spiritual over the material, friendship and comradeship, mutual assistance, one for all and all for one. The head of the team expresses the opinion and will of the team. Each member of the team acts as a leader in the direction where he is a greater specialist and the team trusts him. Here the joint behavior of the manager, members of the management team and all his subordinates is possible.
Immoral managers need management teams to strengthen their arbitrariness, imitate management and embezzlement of the budget. In such gangs-teams, the main idea is personal gain, self-interest, competition, posturing, hypocrisy. The team does not ensure solidarity behavior. Management teams come, imitate management, cover up the embezzlement of the budget. They do not produce a real increase in the well-being of the population, they are cut off from the people, alien to them, and are perceived as parasites.
The basis of effective management is the formation of management teams. It is important and necessary to move away from the practice of team building. Only management teams can solve complex problems of public administration. It is in the team that the moral personality of the leader and specialist is educated. A moral specialist is brought up and trained in educational and professional collectives. An immoral person cannot work creatively, since he will use the acquired knowledge and skills to the detriment of society and the state.
It is for this reason that morality is the main, but not sufficient condition for the formation of the habit of creative work.
The second necessary, but not sufficient condition for the formation of the habit of creative work is qualification: the formation of professional knowledge, skills and abilities among politicians, managers and specialists.
A moral politician, if he does not have proper professional training, will lose to an immoral qualified international parasite. But if a moral politician receives professional knowledge, skills and abilities, then he will win all confrontations with immoral and qualified parasites.
Qualifications are needed by all politicians, managers, specialists. The organizational form of advanced training is collective educational, professional and managerial activities. Primary collectives are a forge of moral and professional politicians, managers and specialists.
The third necessary, but not sufficient condition for the formation of the habit of creative work is social filtration – the timely removal from socially significant positions of sociopaths and psychopaths – persons without conscience, pity, compassion for people. Social filtering is a procedure for group, collective and mass assessment of morality and professional compliance of personnel, which serves as a justification for adequate personnel decisions. It is aimed at ensuring the stability and reliability of the system of public administration and local self-government. It is carried out to protect all peoples of the world from challenges and threats to security.
Thus, the following conditions are necessary for the formation of the habit of creative work among the citizens of the country:
The first necessary but insufficient condition is the morality of Russian policy, leaders and specialists.
The second necessary but insufficient condition is the continuous education and training of politicians, managers, and specialists aimed at forming their professional knowledge, skills, and abilities.
The third necessary but insufficient condition is social filtering.
Without these conditions, it is difficult to form the habit of creative work as a condition for the prevention of economic crimes. Politics determines the economy. If politics is immoral, then money becomes an instrument of exploitation and humiliation of citizens. Economic crimes are becoming massive and systematic.
There is a mass sociopathization (loss of conscience) among the subjects of economic and financial activity. Money and wealth are concentrated in the hands of a small group of parasites, leading to conflict and war. Wars serve as a way to reboot the economy and write off debts. The principle of "no one, never, nothing" is being implemented.
With a moral policy, the economy becomes moral. Money acquires the status of an affordable tool for ensuring life and creative work. Minimization of economic crimes is ensured. The principle "For everyone!" is being implemented. Citizens are shown a personal example of the creative work of senior leaders. Therefore, by imitating them, all people work, benefit themselves and society.
Definition and classification of economic crimes
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Sociopathization of a person – loss of conscience and compassion for people, negligent attitude to public interests, remorse of greed and inadequate ambitions |
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Immoral worldview, the priority of material values over spiritual ones |
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Readiness to enter into criminal conspiracy to seize and appropriate material values |
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Failure to comply with the terms of collusion, new collusion |
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Betrayal of each other on the grounds of envy and greed, which contributes to the detection and investigation of economic crimes |
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Education of Moral Citizens as Subjects of Countering Economic Crime and Social Filtration: Detection and Elimination of Sociopaths from All Socially Significant Roles The main filtering is carried out in primary teams (scientists, professional, managerial) through the use of the KOL method (collective assessment of personality) |
Mechanism for the prevention of economic crimes
We will dive into the fundamental concepts associated with economic crimes, study their classification and various manifestations. Understanding these key points is necessary for the subsequent analysis of mechanisms for countering economic offenses and the formation of strategies that will be developed within the framework of this book.
1. The Concept of Economic Crimes
Economic crimes are offenses committed with the use of economic resources, finances, property and other assets in order to obtain illegal benefits. In Russian law, economic crimes are understood as actions aimed at causing harm to the economy and finances, causing damage to both the state and private owners, and committed with intent.
The key features of economic crimes include: The intention to obtain an illegal benefit is the basis of actions committed with intent, that is, with the intention to violate the law.
Economic nature:crimes are related to cash flows, financial transactions and property rights.
Social nature: in an aggressive society, money is an instrument of protection, in a moral society there is no need to commit economic crimes. Therefore, giving social relations a moral coordinating principle becomes the basis for the prevention of economic crimes.
Causing damage: an economic crime is considered not only the fact of illegal profit, but also damage caused to other entities (the state, legal entities and individuals).
2. Classification of Economic Crimes
Economic crimes can be classified according to various criteria, including their forms, scales, methods of commission and target audience. Let's consider the main types of economic crimes:
Financial crimes:These include securities fraud, tax evasion, money laundering, and bankruptcy for profit. Such crimes entail direct financial losses for state budgets and private enterprises.
Corruption crimes:bribery, abuse of official powers and actions that contribute to obtaining improper benefits on the basis of official position. These crimes undermine trust in government institutions and business.
Business crimes:include business fraud, contract fraud, tax evasion, and various schemes aimed at making a profit at any cost, often circumventing the law.
Shadow economic operations: the use of illegal or informal channels for doing business, such as tax havens, the black market, and other strategies to evade state control.
Environmental crimes: harmful acts committed in the course of doing business that harm the environment and public health, such as illegal dumping of waste.
Technology-Enabled Crime: This category includes online fraud, cybercrime, and crimes committed using advanced technology, which places new demands on the investigation and response of such offences.
3.Current trends in the field of economic crimes
Economic crimes develop and transform due to changes in the economic environment, legislation and technology. We are witnessing trends such as the globalization of crime: transnational criminal organizations use international mechanisms to execute their schemes, benefiting from differences in legal systems.
Increasing complexity of schemes: financial technologies (financial applications, cryptocurrencies and blockchain) open up new opportunities for committing economic crimes, creating additional challenges for law enforcement agencies.
Interest in economic crime among young people: the attractiveness of "quick money" schemes and financial fraud among the younger generation requires increased attention from human rights defenders and educational institutions.
Thus, the understanding of the concepts and types of economic crimes, the description of their classifications and current trends forms an important basis for further study of the methods of identifying and investigating such offenses. Knowledge of these basics will allow specialists to respond more effectively to the challenges associated with economic criminology and develop better methods for protecting the rights of participants in economic processes.
4. Definition of Economic Crimes
Economic crimes are offenses that are directly related to the mechanisms of the functioning of the economy, as well as to the management of financial resources. These crimes cover a wide range of activities aimed at obtaining illegal benefits by violating laws governing economic activity. Their key features are premeditation, greed and causing harm to both individuals and society as a whole.
Key components of the definition of economic crimes:Intentional nature: economic crimes are committed in order to obtain illegal benefits. This means that the person committing the crime is aware of the illegality of his actions and understands that they can cause damage to others.
Violation of legal norms: such crimes constitute a deviation from the established legislation governing economic and financial transactions. This can include both criminal and administrative offenses.
Causing damage:Economic crimes usually result in economic, financial or material damage. This damage can be directed both to the state (for example, losses from tax evasion) and to individuals or commercial organizations (for example, fraud, acts of raiding, etc.).
Economic nature:these offenses are related to financial instruments, resources and assets. These include not only cash, but also types of assets such as real estate, securities, and other instruments used in finance and business.
Economic crimes can be both "white-collar" and "classic" crimes. White-collar crimes are usually committed as part of the legal conduct of business, but in violation of the law. These can be cases of financial fraud, manipulation of reporting, abuse of office, etc.
On the other hand, more "classical" types of economic crime include acts that clearly constitute a crime, such as theft, fraud, or corruption, resulting in an open violation of the law.
5. A few examples of economic crimes
Fraud: Misrepresentation of facts for the purpose of illegally obtaining funds or other benefits. For example, forgery of documents, the use of false information to obtain a loan.
Corruption: Bribery and abuse of office for improper gain. Tax evasion: hiding income or misusing tax benefits to reduce tax liabilities.
Unfair competition: the use of illegal methods, such as economic blackmail or the dissemination of false information about competitors, in order to gain a competitive advantage.
Thus, the definition of economic crimes covers a wide range of facts and actions that affect the economy as a whole and require a thorough understanding in order to effectively identify, investigate and protect the rights of participants in economic processes. This category of offenses continues to evolve in response to changes in the economic, social and legal environment, which makes their study especially relevant for specialists in the field of jurisprudence, law enforcement agencies and business.
Classification: fraud, tax evasion, corruption, money laundering and others. The classification of economic crimes is a systematization of various types of offenses based on their nature, mechanisms of commission and consequences. Within the framework of this classification, we will identify several key categories, each of which has its own characteristics.
Fraud
Fraud is one of the most common types of economic crimes. It includes actions aimed at misleading another person in order to obtain financial or other benefits.
This category can be divided into several subtypes:
Financial fraud: includes schemes related to the falsification of documentation, falsification of financial statements and concealment of real income.
Securities fraud:can consist of manipulating the securities market, providing false information about a company to boost shares, trading based on non-public information.
Internet fraud:trade in classified information, creation of false stores and other deceptions on the Internet.
Tax evasion
Tax evasion includes actions aimed at reducing tax liabilities through illegal methods. This may include:
Concealment of income: incorrect or incomplete declaration of income in order to avoid paying taxes.
Use of fictitious expenses: creation of forged documents to reduce the tax base.
Transfer pricing: price manipulation between related companies in order to transfer profits to low-tax jurisdictions.
Corruption
Corruption includes actions aimed at obtaining improper benefits through abuse of office. The main forms of corruption include:
Bribery:Taking or offering a bribe to solve certain issues or gain advantages.
Abuse of official powers: the use of official position to obtain benefits for oneself or third parties.
Unlawful disposal of state property: use of state property for personal purposes.
Money laundering
Money laundering is the process of legalizing funds obtained by criminal means. It usually includes three main stages:
Separation:Introducing criminal proceeds into the financial system through complex transactions to conceal their source.
Hiding:Converting cleared money into assets, such as real estate or securities, for the purpose of legalizing them.
Integration: the reintroduction of laundered money into the economy, making it legitimate for further use.
Business Crime
This category includes actions aimed at obtaining benefits through the commission of illegal actions within the framework of business:
Unfair competition: The use of unfair business practices to eliminate competitors.
Contract fraud: causing damage to counterparties through deception and unfair practices.
Asset scam: fraudulent schemes related to the purchase and sale of assets, for example, with fictitious transactions or from close partners.
Innovative Forms of Economic Crime
With the development of technology, new forms of economic crimes appear:
Cybercrime: Crimes committed using computer technology, including identity theft or financial information theft.
Online financial schemes: Using platforms to attract investment under false pretenses, such as Ponzi schemes.
Thus, the classification of economic crimes makes it possible to distinguish in detail their various types and understand which actions fall under each category. This knowledge is necessary for the effective development of measures to prevent and combat economic offenses, as well as for the formation of law enforcement practice and analysis of the consequences of such crimes. Consequences of economic crimes: for the individual, business and the economy as a whole.
Economic crimes have a negative impact on individuals, businesses and the economy as a whole. These effects can be both direct and indirect, and they are often long-lasting. Let's consider them in more detail.
Consequences for the individual
Financial loss: People who are victims of fraud or corruption schemes can lose significant amounts of money. These losses can make it difficult for victims and their families to become financially secure.
Psychological distress: Victims of economic crime often experience stress, anxiety and a sense of insecurity. This can affect their health and overall quality of life.
Loss of trust: Economic crime causes distrust in financial institutions and businesses, which can make it difficult to obtain services or loans in the future.
Legal consequences: In some cases, victims become suspects in connection with economic offenses and may face legal problems.
Business implications
Financial losses: Companies involved in economic crimes (e.g., as a result of fraud, corruption, or money laundering) can suffer significant financial losses, including fines and compensation.
Reputational damage: Crime can severely damage a business's reputation and lead to the loss of customers, which in turn can negatively impact profits and market position.
Reduced competitiveness: Participation in corruption schemes or financial fraud can lead to a loss of trust from partners and customers, as a result of which a company may lose competitive advantages.
Legal Implications: A business may face judicial and legal investigations, requiring significant defense resources and legal costs.
Implications for the economy as a whole
Economic Instability: Economic crimes undermine trust in financial systems, which can lead to a decline in investment and economic activity, creating instability in a country. Loss of tax revenues: Tax evasion and other economic crimes reduce budget revenues, reducing the ability of government to finance social programs and infrastructure.
Inequality and poverty: Economic crimes exacerbate social problems such as income inequality and poverty, as resources go into the shadows and are inaccessible to the majority of the population.
Erosion of legal institutions: The prevalence of corruption and economic crime can undermine the effectiveness of legal institutions, leading to poor law enforcement and undermining the rule of law.
Thus, the consequences of economic crimes affect a wide range of aspects of life. From the negative impact on individuals to the serious consequences for the business and economy of the country as a whole, these crimes can have devastating and long-lasting consequences, highlighting the need for strict control and effective enforcement.
Theoretical aspects Informal Justice
Informal justice helps existing formal legal practices become more effective and fair. The use of the idea of informal law, informal justice, is a promising direction for improving the theory of law and law enforcement in all countries of the world. For the first time in the history of mankind, we can influence the very process of social selection in a humane way, exclude lethal, bloody, criminal phenomena from the history of the subsequent development of our civilization.
Informal justiceis a set of participants (governmental, non-governmental, legal and other organizations, experts and citizens) who consider, discuss and evaluate the subjects of violation of law and morality.
The main methodof informal justice is the discursive-evaluative method.
The scientific basisof informal justice is subjectology.
The taskof informal justice is to restore the balance of justice for the injured citizen (organization).
The main contradiction solved by scientific research in the field of legal science is the discrepancy, the gap between the provisions of formal law, legal science and law enforcement practice. This gap can become a serious threat to legal science and a source of discrediting, inconsistency of legal provisions and laws. Our research is aimed at solving this contradiction.
Traditional research methods are not able to master new legal realities, in particular, the problem of the discrepancy between legal science and legal practice. Modern law enforcement is increasingly contradicting the principles of law. It is the facts of the modern era (the separation of legal science from legal practice) that urgently require a new methodology for legal science.
Use of the latest achievements of philosophical sciences, including philosophical anthropology, philosophy of culture, philosophy of law, comparative law, sociology, cultural studies, modern IT technologies, social and eco-social technologies. The development of a new methodology of legal science is an urgent task for modern researchers of the theory of law and the practice of law enforcement.
A positive trend in jurisprudence is the fact that new works on the philosophy of law began to appear. They gradually, steadily acquire the "right of citizenship" in the system of legal sciences, and on the part of the general legal community they are recognized as a real means of overcoming legal dogmatism and positivism, the methodological basis for the knowledge of law and all branches of legal science. According to the classification adopted in the modern philosophy of law, formal, informal and informal law are distinguished.
Formal, Informal and Informal Law
Formal law consists of laws, codes, normative and non-normative acts, governmental organizations that regulate the relations of people and organizations that control their behavior. The concept of "law" is abstract, existing in the minds of people and associated in thinking with the concepts of "truth" and "rules of conduct", which are provided by training, control, punishment and encouragement from society and the government. The existence of formal law is supported by laws, codes, court decisions and other bodies of state power.
Sources of formal law are acts of state bodies that establish or sanction (recognize) legal norms. Types of sources of law:
1. Legal custom: a rule of behavior historically formed by repeated repetition, sanctioned by the state as a generally binding rule (a social instinct necessary for the state to maintain its own stability).
2. Legal precedent: a specific decision on a certain case of a judicial or administrative body, which becomes binding when deciding similar cases in the future. A legal precedent is made in agreement with the state, which needs a new social instinct (a rule of human behavior) to stabilize power.
3. Normative act: a document adopted by a specially authorized body of the state, which establishes, amends or abolishes legal norms. It differs from legal custom in that with the help of a normative act, a specific procedure for the implementation of actions of people necessary for the state and society is established. It is necessary to regulate the correlation between old (unnecessary) social instincts and new (necessary) rules of human behavior.
4. Normative contract: a bilateral or multilateral agreement of subjects of law, containing legal norms that are binding on subjects with different legal customs and culture.
Excessive formalization of social life leads to the fact that law loses one of its main features - social significance. Due to the excessive formalization of social and legal reality and the lack of legal and pedagogical support for the consolidation of a new norm of behavior, the contradiction between the generation of new legal norms and the real behavior of subjects is aggravated. A multidimensional analysis of the loss of social significance of formal law indicates that the practice of applying formal law does not meet the needs of society, adversely affects the stability of social relations and law and order. But there are also positive aspects in the evolution of jurisprudence. Gradually, but persistently, an awareness of the gap between the theory of law and the practice of law enforcement and the demand of the state and society to overcome this gap are formed.
Informal law consists of traditions, customs, moral rules and habits of behavior, non-governmental organizations and structures that regulate relations between people and organizations, as well as formal law, control their behavior. The concept of "informal law" is abstract and associated in thinking with the concepts of "truth", "justice", "conscience", "morality", "ethics", "rules of conduct", which are provided by training, control, punishment and encouragement from society and social institutions (family, culture, education, science, economics, law, security, medicine).
The existence of informal law is supported by people's ideas and reasoning about truth, justice, conscience, and morality. At the same time, informal law includes biologically determined human instincts aimed at providing food, reproduction and domination. Informal law is supported by traditions, customs, beliefs, cults of people, decisions of groups on which a particular person and his behavior depend.
This right is also supported by other groups in the struggle for food, reproduction, and domination. The sources of informal law are customs, traditions, beliefs, beliefs of dominant groups in society and the state, which establish and maintain real norms of behavior (for example, "double standards": we say one thing, do another; or "uniform standards": we do what we say).
Types of sources of informal law:
1. A real custom of behavior: a rule of behavior historically formed by repeated repetition, repeated and fixed in the form of a social instinct (transmitted from generation to generation by non-genetic means). It is a social instinct that one generation of people needs to pass on to another generation in order to ensure sustainable food production, reproduction, and dominance.
2. Ingenious precedent: an unusual social act for a group of people that allows them to solve their problems, but is difficult to copy and imitate, since it goes beyond the traditional biologically determined standards of behavior aimed at obtaining food, reproduction and domination.
3. Non-normative act: people's attitudes to themselves, others and the environment, speech, emotions, text, audio-video content, judgments, reasoning of people, rumors and speculations that establish, change or prohibit (inhibit) a particular action, behavioral act. It is necessary to regulate the reproduction of social instincts.
4. Collusion: A non-public bilateral or multilateral agreement between entities aimed at arbitrarily allocating public and public resources to meet their own needs for better nutrition, reproduction, and dominance.
Legal regulation has always involved sources of informal law, which really reflect the social relations emerging in the world community. These relations are reflected to varying degrees in formal law and are fixed in the consciousness of the participants in legal relations. Our review of legal practice shows that it is possible to recognize as sources of informal law custom and contract not sanctioned by the state, which play an important role in legal regulation, linking law with life.
Informal lawis based on the practical use of the discursive-evaluative method, the main method of subjectology.
Subjectology as a science is a system of knowledge obtained by researchers engaged in the study of a specific subject, applying the discursive-evaluative method and the method of natural tests to his cognition. It includes qualitatively different elements. Its components are:
areas of scientific knowledge (natural science, nonlinear logic, rhizomorphic analysis, social sciences and humanities);
units of knowledge (indices on various evaluation scales used to cognize a particular subject and his relations with other subjects and participation in groups, the influence of a group on a subject, and the influence of a subject on groups);
levels of scientific knowledge included in individual disciplines (empirical, theoretical);
types of scientific knowledge (evaluation of fragments of the subject's behavior by others on various scales, discursive-evaluative indexing of the subject); marketing of the subject (how it sells itself in the market, and how it is really useful to customers).
All elements of scientific knowledge have a connection with each other. They are connected by a complex network of nonlinear logical and rhizomorphic relations and interconnections.
Subjectology is characterized by the presence of cognitive activity in the study of a specific subject and his involvement, influence and susceptibility to the influence of groups.
It includes:
creation and launch of information hubs;
the launch of the subject into the discursive-evaluative process;
identification and evaluation of specific fragments of the subject's behavior in relation to himself, others, environment;
indexing the subject on a different set of scales.
Being a cognitive activity, subjectology is characterized by reflexivity. It is carried out through the use of the method of natural tests and the discursive-evaluative method. MET and DOM are aimed at obtaining and substantiating the most objective, true and useful knowledge about a particular subject.
The discursive-evaluative method (DOM) is based on the creation of a special network structure (socio-evaluative network, discursive-evaluative network, information and communication evaluative resource), which allows to carry out directed network discourse and mass ethical and legal assessment in real time, to quickly visualize the harm (threat) emanating from a social subject. Such "illumination" allows mobile groups of network activists (socially active citizens) to exert a precise humane influence on a social subject, and prevent the harm caused by him (destroy the threat posed by him).
The method of natural tests (MET) is a method of generalizing the data obtained by visual means of control, which makes it possible to make a transition from fixing and evaluating behavioral factors to judgments in terms of mental and socio-psychological properties of the individual. Test tasks of the natural test method are a set of situations from everyday life, in which the evaluated person naturally demonstrates diagnostically significant images of his expressive behavior.
The possibility of developing specific methods of practical psychodiagnostics based on the method of natural tests at the end of the 20th century was determined by the practical needs of studying personality in closed systems (in the army, law enforcement agencies, government). In the 1990s, the practice of using the method of natural tests showed that in order to achieve indicators acceptable for diagnosis, the necessary assessment scales and consistent assessment algorithms should be used. The time-tested experience of the USSR in the development of natural tests was taken by China to mobilize its own population as a national method of digital control.
In 2016, China will begin mass testing of its version of the implementation of the natural test method. This system involves not only applications and Internet services, but also "smart video cameras" equipped with recognition systems that form a single cyberspace in China.
The data obtained by the method of natural tests should be discussed and evaluated in the course of discursive-evaluative practices. Then high-quality data is possible for decision-making on all issues of life. The disadvantage of using the method of natural tests is that it is well applicable for closed social organizations (army, security service, police, court, prosecutor's office, educational institution).
However, it is not enough for open systems (private organizations, public structures, participants in the economy, culture, science, education, trade, civil society). This can lead to the phenomenon of an "electronic concentration camp", a violation of human rights and freedoms. When recognizing an immoral act, it is always important to let a person justify himself, to understand who made him commit this act? It is necessary to discuss with the evaluated person, to use the discursive-evaluative procedure to obtain new assessments of his behavior from the involved specialists and experts.
All elements of the scientific and cognitive activity of subjectology have an internal connection with each other, they are closed to each other, aimed at the implementation of practical tasks of correcting self-esteem and behavior of a particular social subject. Considering subjectology as a social institution, it can be characterized as:
a multitude of citizens and organizations that get to know other subjects and make decisions on interaction with them, correction of their behavior;
socio-evaluative, discursive-evaluative social networks, networks of influence;
ways of influencing specific subjects.
Weakness and helplessness of a person stem from the fact that he does not fully understand himself and the world around him, so he is afraid of mistakes, falls into social paralysis – inaction. Knowledge of oneself and others gives strength, as it becomes clear what to do, who and how to influence, how to motivate oneself to creatively change reality, establish justice, and prosperity. Values that regulate the functioning of subjectology as a social institution: not to harm oneself, others and the environment by thought, word, or deed; to create for oneself, others and the environment by thought, word and deed.
The methodological and general theoretical foundations of subjectology are associated with the practical application of the method of natural tests and the discursive-evaluative method to the study of a particular subject.
The complex of scientific knowledge obtained from the cognition of a specific subject feeds the law enforcement practice. A lawyer-researcher uses the methodology of DOM and MET, a moral worldview, refracting them specifically in relation to his problems of cognition and transformation of reality created by specific subjects.
In the course of practical work, a generalized characteristic of the subject of research is formed, which includes the following ideas:
1) on the indices of social subjects, which are calculated through the use of various kinds of assessment scales (scales of harm, proper behavior, professional compliance, usefulness, etc.), according to which a direct online assessment of groups and masses of other subjects takes place;
2) the degree of harm (morality) of the subjects and objects under study;
3) about the features of their interaction, entry into groups, influence on groups and the influence of groups on subjects;
4) about the spatio-temporal structure of subjective reality, obtained on the basis of dynamic characteristics of changes in the indices of online assessments of the subject on various scales.
Subjectology as the scientific basis of informal justice directly and immediately enters law enforcement practice. Every lawyer, law enforcement officer, judge can study a participant in a civil, arbitration and criminal case, using various methods of discursive and evaluative analysis of a particular subject and his life path, the history of observance (violation) of the law and public morality.
Subjectology studies the content of the movement of a social subject in the three-dimensional plane:
The first plane: measuring the measure of harm in relation to oneself;
The second plane: measuring the measure of harm in relation to others;
The third plane: measuring the measure of harm in relation to the environment.
In informal justice, the following possibilities of subjectology are used:
1. Descriptive – identification of essential properties and relations of a particular subject.
2. Evaluative – the use of the acquired knowledge about a particular subject to correct one's own behavior and the behavior of the subject under study.
3. Explanatory – explanation of the process of formation of the subject and his movement in the social environment in the three-dimensional plane (to whom and how he harmed: himself, neighbors, the environment).
4. Production and practical – the possibility of applying the acquired knowledge in practice.
5. Prognostic – the ability to foresee harm from the subject and ignore (or correct) it in one's life path.
6. Worldview – introduction of the acquired knowledge into the existing picture of the world.
Using MET and DOM, researchers will be able to accumulate and use knowledge about specific subjects, which allows them to develop the theory of formal, informal and informal law, and adjust law enforcement to a specific subject. If a person is well studied in the totality of his social ties and relations, personal qualities and character, then a fair and objective legal decision can be easily made on him.
The concepts of "informal law" and "informal justice" have been proposed by a number of Russian scientists. They are abstract, and are associated in people's thinking with such concepts as the concepts of "the voice of the people – the voice of God", "the discourse of power", "the discourse of power".
If the mass ethical assessment of the subject indicates his wrong behavior, this behavior will inevitably be corrected.
"Power discourse" always prescribes one or another behavior.
The "discourse of power" can correct acts of formal law. For example, a representative of an authority expressed his opinion, and after this speech, formal legal acts begin to be adjusted, and specific law enforcement decisions are radically changed. For example, a decision has just been made to deprive a person of liberty in relation to a particular subject. After the discourse, the authorities immediately set him free.
The existence of informal law is supported by people's perceptions, reasoning about other people and the fear of becoming the object of "terrible whispers of discourse" (the object of public discussion and condemnation). Also significant is the fear of becoming the object of discussion and condemnation of persons from public authorities ("Power Discourse").
Informal law can significantly change formal law. Informal law, based on the will of various representatives of government bodies (for bureaucratic cultures) or on the opinion of citizens (for democratic cultures), or on the opinion of participants in business and finance, can quickly and effectively regulate the behavior of all subjects of formal and informal law. This right is rhizomorphic, unstable in its sources, process and result. Constant research work on the study of the behavior of subjects affected by an informal legal event ("terrible whisper of discourse", "power discourse") is extremely important here.
Informal law directly involves biologically determined human instincts aimed at ensuring safety (fear) and reflex assessment of the situation (recognition of threats and harm), including the rapid exchange of assessments in the course of communication, which corrects the behavior of both the participants in the discussion and assessment, and the object of discussion and assessment itself.
Evaluations that arise in the course of the discursive-evaluative process can themselves become sources of informal and formal law. The sources of informal law are assessments, reasoning and discussions in the structures of the highest state and financial power, discursive and evaluative environments (socio-evaluative networks), which adjust the behavioral practices of citizens and organizations.
Types of sources of informal law:
1. Assessments and Discourse of Heads of State and Financial Structures.
2. Reverse social relations studied and used in the assessment and implementation of discourse by the heads of state and financial structures.
3. Citizens' assessments and discourse: public bilateral or multilateral discussion and agreement of citizens that affects the allocation of public and public resources to meet their own and public needs for better nutrition, reproduction, and dominance.
4. Reputation indices (indicators of public trust) arising from the analysis of people's attitudes to certain subjects. Informal law is based on the practical use of the discursive-evaluative method.
Participation in discursive-evaluative practices (the exploitation of social networks of a new type – socio-evaluative networks, discursive-evaluative networks) makes it possible to correct the real behavior of citizens, to make it better (more harmless to others). The balance of justice is provided by the technologically network structures of informal law, which use the possibilities of the influence of discursive-evaluative, social-evaluative networks. These networks will provide social selection in such a way that it will become difficult to violate the formal and informal norms of behavior of subjects. These subjects will be subject to such educational and legal influence that will exclude or significantly limit the reproduction of socially dangerous behavior.
A criminal will not be able to hide his crimes, evasion of legal responsibility in any country in the world. The structures of informal law will translate into all languages of the world information about the negative rating of this subject and its offenses, low moral and ethical qualities. They will engage with local police and court authorities to ensure that they apply their national law to the evading actor. Also, the local business community will be informed about the appearance on their territory of an entity that deliberately does not comply with contractual relations. The dissemination of this information will protect the local business community from economic crime and deliberate non-fulfillment of contractual obligations by a newly arrived person from another country with a dubious business and moral reputation.
The structures of informal law are cross-border. Using discursive-evaluative networks, they will track the movement of a criminal, an offender, and pursue him around the world, informing citizens, police, forensic experts, governments of different countries about the threatening movement in their direction of an unscrupulous participant in business turnover (a potential criminal). They warn, signal to others about the appearance of a criminal in this or that part of the world, in this or that state. The structures of informal law are actually autonomous. They can independently decide on the punishment of a criminal who has not been deterred from violating the laws of the structure of formal and informal law. The criminal cannot find shelter from the persecution of the structures of informal law (discursive-evaluative, social-evaluative network) in any part of the world.
The structures of informal law effectively complement the organizations of formal and informal law. The "terrible whisper of discourse" frightens the criminal. He is afraid of general discussion and moral condemnation, which lead to the loss of reputation and the subsequent launch of the work of formal law organizations (investigation, conviction and punishment). The criminal has a sense of guilt, remorse comes ("why did I do this"). The structures of informal law will become a practical ethical regulator of behavior, which will make the work of informal and formal law structures more effective, humane and fair. They can be used to modernize existing penitentiary systems.
Informal law organizations use the structures of formal and informal law to organize discursive practices and mass evaluation, which strengthens all participants in civil, arbitration, and criminal proceedings, and sets a moral vector for public discussion and evaluation. Formal, informal law is supplemented by informal law - information justice. The use of the discursive-evaluative method in legal science will lead to a balance of theoretical constructions of legal science, human rights and customs, traditions of the socio-cultural community. The "war of all against all" will move to a more humane plane of discursive and evaluative procedures, in the course of which legally imperfect subjects (there are simply no perfect ones) will improve other, more imperfect subjects, and thus improve their own culture of legal behavior.
The life of an organized society and the state presupposes the coordination of rights and interests on the basis of their mutual limitation that meets the need for coexistence. To place one's right above the rights of a part or the whole of society is a sign of an anti-social position. The rights and legitimate interests of citizens must be guaranteed by the state, but not to the detriment of the interests of other people, associations and the whole society. The balance of the rights of the individual, society and the state is ensured by discursive-evaluative procedures, implemented in discursive-evaluative social networks. These networks make it possible to reflect reverse social relations, people's attitudes to certain subjects of law. The following fact is obvious: often an experienced violator of the law evades justice.
However, he can be marked as a "serial fraudster" in social assessment networks, and then such an entity will stop serial fraud, which is very important for maintaining stability, a good moral and legal atmosphere in any country in the world. Forensic experts, judges, investigators, and economic and financial decision-makers will pay attention to the information about the "serial fraudster". They will make the necessary, timely and fair decisions. Often such a "serial fraud", "serial killer" is a sociopath (a person who does not have a sense of moral norms, rules of behavior, or law at the biological, psychological and socio-psychological level). A sociopath has no compassion for other people, has no conscience.
In the course of his development, for various reasons, he was unable to copy and assimilate social instincts and habits of behavior that were useful for society. This disadvantage is compensated for in a sociopath by developed abilities to deceive, abuse the trust of citizens, take and not fulfill contractual obligations. Legal science, absorbing the results of research on informal law, will receive a new impetus for its development. The conflict between norms and reality, legal programs and the nature of their implementation has led to uncertainty in the truthfulness, honesty, morality of the subjects of formal law (judicial, legislative, executive powers, legal scholars, legal educators, attorneys and lawyers). Informal justice has a positive potential for a natural resolution of this conflict.
Conclusion
1. Informal justice helps existing formal legal practices to become more effective and provide fairer decisions. The use of the idea of informal law, informal justice, is a promising direction for improving the theory of law and law enforcement in all countries of the world. Man is not aware that he is subject to continuous social selection. His access to food, reproduction, and dominance is constantly changing, depending on the results of the evaluation of his social actions by other subjects. For the first time in the history of mankind, we can influence the very process of social selection in a humane way, exclude lethal, bloody, criminal phenomena from the history of the subsequent development of our civilization.
2. Informal justice is a set of participants (governmental, non-governmental legal and other organizations, experts and citizens) who consider, discuss and evaluate the subjects of violation of law and morality.
3. The main method of informal justice is the discursive-evaluative method. The scientific basis of informal justice is subjectology. The task of informal justice is to restore the balance of justice for the injured citizen (organization).
4. Evaluation of evidence in civil, arbitration and criminal proceedings is a complex procedural and at the same time mental activity of the courts, as well as of the persons participating in the case, which takes place at all stages of the process. As a result of the evaluation of evidence from the point of view of its compliance with the principle of admissibility, primarily its procedural criteria, a conclusion is made about the presence or absence of legal force in the evidence. The most important principle of procedural proof is the free evaluation of evidence and the accounting of data obtained from sources of formal, informal and informal law.
5. The theoretical provisions of legal science will be more consistent with law enforcement when each lawyer uses scientific and practical recommendations on the application of the main provisions of informal justice in civil, arbitration and criminal proceedings. This will prevent obvious injustice in the course of resolving cases, which is characteristic of situations where the theoretical provisions of jurisprudence, formal law and law enforcement practice are rupture.
Ecosocial technology of control Economic Crimes
The fight against economic crime is the destruction of administrative criminal groups (AСGs), led, as a rule, by sociopaths (persons without conscience and compassion for people). The main condition for the formation of AСG The main condition for the formation of AСG is the ideology of money, faith in money as in God. Selfish motives, indifference to society and the state form the subjective composition of the creation of a criminal community of the most dangerous type – administrative criminal groups. AСGs seize states and international organizations, exercise their arbitrariness, and retain control over resources.
They act according to the destructive principle:
never anything to anyone;
Take as much as possible, carry as far as possible and parasitize as long as possible.
AСG is organized by officials and heads of state bodies. In some cases, the leaders of the AСG appoint themselves to the highest state positions: presidents, secretaries, and so on. To disguise the AСG, the media are forced to maintain the myth of the greatness of the AСG leader and his gang (a collection of criminals and sociopaths). The AСG controls the security sector, maintains the commanding staff of law enforcement and state security agencies, forms the military leadership, courts and prosecutor's offices, and controls the investigation. As a result, society and the state weaken and die, die out. Economic crimes committed by the AСG lead to a social catastrophe, the destruction of the state's defense capability, and the depression of society.
How to deal with ACG?
Our scientific school of V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich was the first in the world to introduce the concept of ACG in 1992, observing the destruction of the USSR and the seizure of power by criminal communities, their active penetration into all government bodies, the economy and finance. Scientists have developed a technology that made it possible to contain ACG in strategic forces, to preserve the country's nuclear potential from economic crimes. In the conditions of military confrontation, each state needs these technologies for self-preservation, survival in the unequal capitalist struggle for personal profit and enrichment.
Ecological (moral) social technology for countering economic crimes
The basis of ecological (moral) social technology (eco-social technology) is the global ecological principle - not to harm the environment, other people and yourself (the environment, neighbors, yourself).
The global ecological principle stems from the global ethical principle – one should behave in such a way as not to harm other people, oneself and the environment.
The global ethical principle is the basis of the moral rule "Three Cs": do not harm yourself (C1), neighbors (C2), the environment (C3) either in thought, word, or deed; to create for oneself, neighbors, and the environment by thought, word, and deed. The global ethical principle is a source of international law that ensures the ecology of social relations in all regions of the world and minimizes economic crimes committed by administrative criminal groups (ACGs).
Ecosocial technology for minimizing ACG includes civil society procedures that provide support and accountability for moral or immoral acts of social actors. Ecosocial technologies for minimizing economic crimes can be taken as a guide to action by citizens and the law enforcement community of various countries of the world. The use of eco-social technology is aimed at legal support and the development of an open society. It enshrines the ecological approach to the regulation of social relations.
The technology of minimizing ACG determines the specifics of the ethical assessment of the behavior of social subjects and describes civil procedures for its application in various spheres of activity of citizens and organizations. Morality, as the idea of non-harm, is accepted by the majority of citizens and can be used in ideological support for the development of civil society institutions and democratic and people's states, and can be the basis for all life activities of citizens.
Morality as the ideology and worldview of the masses of citizens and the law enforcement community makes it possible to destroy the destructive ideology of money, which acts as a bond for the ACG.
Eco-social technology is aimed at overcoming the consequences of the moral crisis, during which there was a devaluation of traditional values, a cult of money and enrichment at any cost. The moral crisis has led to crises in all spheres of human life. New threats to public security have emerged, traditional challenges such as ACG, economic crime, corruption, terrorism, extremism, poverty and misery have intensified. The need to protect society and the state from ACG and sociopaths (persons devoid of conscience and compassion) became obvious.
Ecosocial technology for minimizing ACG defines a civil mechanism for implementing an ecological approach based on taking into account morality in the regulation of social relations and social processes. The process of ethical responsibility for environmental violations, immorality, unethical behavior and unscrupulousness is organized. The specificity of minimizing ACG and economic crime is that it is based on a specific technology of influence of citizens and their associations on the implementation of the environmental approach in all processes of life, including in the field of countering economic crimes and criminal communities that have taken over government bodies - ACG.
Regulation 1. International law to protect society and the state from APG
1. International law on the protection of society and the state from APG consists of eco-social technology, which can be freely used by citizens and associations of citizens, law enforcement communities from any region of the world.
2. This technology does not contradict the constitutions of all states of the world community, it is based on the generally recognized principles and norms of international law.
Regulation 2. Objectives of Minimizing APG and Economic Crime
1. The objectives of minimizing APG and economic crime are: implementation of the environmental approach in the regulation of social relations; propaganda of morality as the basis of life; organization of moral education and enlightenment; support and restriction of human and civil rights and freedoms for the protection of morality; exclusion of double standards of behavior, combating corruption, crime, terrorism, extremism; and the development of civil society in all regions of the world.
2. To implement these tasks, the basis and principles of moral education and enlightenment of citizens, the civil procedure of ethical assessment and other measures to support and protect society from APG, economic crime and sociopaths in any region of the world are used.
Regulation 3. Moral Principle and Ethics
1. The moral principle is not to harm oneself, others, and the environment. It is realized in the moral rule: do not harm yourself, your neighbors, your environment, either in thought, or in word, or in deed; Create for yourself, your neighbors, and your environment by thought, word, and deed.
2. Morality is a general expression of those properties of human nature that perform the function of regulating relations between members of society, regardless of social, national, confessional and other factors. This is a special attitude of thinking and behavior that allows you not to harm yourself, others, and the environment.
3. Harm is a violation of a person's vital activity felt or genuinely experienced. Threat is a potential harm to human life.
4. The ability to recognize harm and threats to citizens is formed in the process of socialization and is consolidated in the course of studying secular ethics.
5. Morality, being a supranational, supranational, supra-confessional, supra-party category, can be used by any person to determine his own system of values. Moral values reach any person voluntarily due to their attractiveness and universality, and are supported by the participation of all citizens in moral education and enlightenment.
Regulation 4. Ensuring morality
1. Morality is ensured by moral education, education, propaganda, and civil society institutions.
2. For the education of morality in educational institutions and other organizations, a lesson of secular ethics may be held, during which students and employees master the provisions of this Manifesto.
3. In the course of a lesson of secular ethics, citizens, guided by a moral rule, acquire the ability to give public moral assessments of events and actions committed by other subjects. The ability to recognize immoral actions in one's own behavior, and the behavior of other citizens and organizations is an obligatory educational result of conducting a lesson in secular ethics.
4. The preparation and implementation of a secular ethics lesson is coordinated by civil society institutions, interested citizens and organizations.
5. Moral education and propaganda of morality shall be organized in the mass media and with the help of information and communication resources. They are aimed at visualizing the advantages of moral behavior and provide civil society with examples of legal responsibility for immorality, unethical behavior and unscrupulousness.
Regulation 5. Secular Ethics and Civil Society
1. The behavior of a person who is guided by a moral rule is moral.
2. Only moral behavior that ensures the emergence of trust is ethical.
3. Trust is social relations that arise between citizens and citizens' organizations in the absence of mutual harm and threats. Without trust, the existence of civil society is impossible.
4. An open civil society is a set of free citizens and their associations that carry out their life independently of interference and regulation by the authorities on the basis of mutual trust.
5. The common goal of a citizen and civil society is mutual development and creation.
6. The development of civil society is ensured by the openness of social processes, procedures of state administration and local self-government, free discussion and ethical assessment of the behavior of social subjects, the right of citizens and their associations to form civil society institutions aimed at the moral education of citizens.
Regulation 6. Ethical Assessment
1. Ethical assessment is an assessment by citizens of the morality of actions (inaction) of other citizens and organizations of citizens from the standpoint of causing or not causing harm and threats in order to block immoral behavior.
2. The process of ethical assessment is open, regulated by civil society, and is one of the forms of public control.
3. The basis for ethical assessment is the commission by a citizen or an organization of an act that is assessed by other persons as harmful or threatening to them.
4. A negative ethical assessment is an ethical burden on a social subject.
Regulation 7. Civil Consent and the Ethical Assessment Scale
1. Civil consent (positive or negative) is the opinion of citizens, expressed in an evaluative form regarding the social actions of social subjects.
2. Social action is the result of the activity of a social subject: intentions, statements, decisions, actions that affect interests, can cause harm, create a threat to more than one citizen.
3. A social subject is an individual, groups of people and their associations, organizations, enterprises, administration, government, civil society as a whole.
4. A social process is a way of existence of a social subject, his life activity carried out in interaction with other social subjects.
5. Negative civil consent is a consolidated, condemning opinion of many social subjects about the social actions or inactions of other social subjects. It is a tool of civil society for the correction of social processes.
6. The scale of ethical assessment (binary, multi-point) is a way of digitizing and visualizing the assessment of the level of morality of a social subject. Ethical assessment scales can be used by citizens to organize ethical assessment of social subjects.
Regulation 8. Conscience and Social Justice
1. Conscience is an ethical regulator of the behavior of a person and a citizen, his inner mood, formed in the process of moral education with the help of other citizens and organizations of citizens, constantly correcting the behavior and self-esteem of a person.
2. Conscience arises during ethical evaluation, public discussion and condemnation of the behavior of a social subject.
3. Social justice is established and maintained by social subjects acting according to conscience.
Regulation 9. Legal responsibility for immorality
1. Punishment and other legal measures applied to social subjects who have committed immoral, unethical acts, acting against their conscience, are admissible only to the extent that they are determined by the current legislation.
2. The commission of a social action by a social subject, ethically assessed by other subjects as immoral, leads to the formation of negative civil consent.
3. Negative civil consent in relation to a social subject leads to a loss of trust in him on the part of other social subjects.
4. Loss of trust leads to the destruction of the reputation of a social subject.
5. Lack of trust and reputation naturally hinders the life of a social subject. In this way, self-punishment for immorality, unethical behavior and unscrupulousness is carried out.
Regulation 10. Public Safety 1.
Public security is the state of protection of social subjects from threats and harm, administrative crime (AСG) and sociopaths.
2. Public security is ensured by maintaining the morality of social subjects and civil consent.
3. Administrative criminal groups (AСG), economic crimes, corruption, social stratification, poverty and misery destroy morality, create grounds for extremism, terrorism and other immoral acts that violate public security.
4. Counteraction to AСG and economic crimes – actions of social subjects to prevent immoral actions of other social subjects through consolidation and visual representation of negative civil consent in the ethical assessment of corrupt actions and manifestations of corruption.
5. Elimination of social stratification, poverty and misery is ensured by moral economic policy, inviolability of private and personal property of citizens.
6. The immoral socio-economic policy of the authorities leads to the loss of public trust and destroys civil harmony.
7. Rotation of personnel, including those who discredit the authorities by the fact of their presence in public positions, restores confidence in the authorities and contributes to the minimization of immoral processes.
Regulation 11. Social parasitism
1. Social parasitism is a way of existence of a social subject guided by the idea of personal gain at any cost. A consequence of the cult of money, double standards, discrepancy between word and deed. The social parasite lives at the expense of other social subjects, not participating in or imitating participation in their creative activity.
2. A social-parasitic structure is an organization whose efforts are aimed at obtaining funds to maintain its own existence. A characteristic feature of such a structure is the imitation of its main activity to solve social problems that are relevant to citizens.
3. Social parasitism is the cause of AСG, economic crimes, corruption, social stratification, extremism and terrorism. 4. Ways to prevent social parasitism – public control and ethical assessment of social subjects.
Regulation 12. Ethics and Rotation of Managerial Personnel
1. Managerial personnel are obliged to strictly observe moral standards.
2. Citizens can continuously evaluate the social actions of managerial personnel. This process can be complemented by public discourse of social subjects and visual presentation of the results of discursive practices.
3. Non-compliance with moral norms, revealed in the course of an ethical assessment of the actions of managerial personnel by citizens, should lead to their rotation.
4. Rotation of managerial personnel caught in immoral behavior ensures the solidarity of civil society with the state and municipal authorities of the city, combating corruption, crime, extremism and terrorism.
Regulation 13. Ethical Assessment as a Civil Procedure
1. Ethical assessment is a civil procedure carried out by citizens who have felt harm from the activities of other citizens and organizations. Public ethical assessment is a publicly available way to regulate social relations, implements the right of citizens to freedom of speech and moral choice.
2. A social subject can bring information about the immoral acts of other social subjects into the public sphere for open discussion. The social subject is responsible for the reliability of this information in accordance with the current legislation.
3. Information about the immoral behavior of social subjects brought into the public sphere is subject to ethical assessment. All interested social subjects can take part in the process of ethical assessment.
4. For the ethical assessment of information made into the public sphere, the subjects who carried out the ethical assessment, and (or) organized it, cannot be held liable in accordance with international law.
5. In the course of ethical assessment, a citizen shall express in any form his assessment of the damage he or she has received from the assessed individual or legal entity, or his opinion on the harm caused by any social action of any social subject.
6. Individuals and legal entities shall regulate their activities taking into account the ethical assessments of citizens. Taking into account a positive or negative ethical assessment is carried out independently in the form of taking appropriate measures to restore and maintain public trust and reputation.
Regulation 14. Discursive Practice as a Civil Procedure.
1. Discursive practice as a civil procedure is the free participation of interested social subjects in the ethical assessment and discussion of socially significant actions of other social subjects.
2. Discursive practice can be carried out by citizens in the form of civil forums, state, scientific, expert and public councils, open communication, reflected in the media and other information and communication resources.
3. The personal ethical assessment of any social subject can be changed only by him personally an unlimited number of times in the course of discursive practice.
4. Discourses are continuous and ensure the education of morality of social subjects, social justice and civil peace, form private norms that regulate the behavior of social subjects.
5. Discursive practices are dynamic, subjective and cannot be the basis for bringing the social subjects participating in them to justice in accordance with the current legislation.
Regulation 15. Morality Index
1. The morality index is a numerical indicator of harm from social actions or inactions of a subject. It is formed in the process of ethical assessment.
2. Each social subject can have an individual index of morality.
3. The morality index is a dynamic characteristic of a social subject that changes in the course of discursive practices.
4. Information on the values of the morality index of social subjects is open and accessible.
Regulation 16. Ideology-Technology of Morality
1. The ideology-technology of morality is a social technology and includes the idea of morality freely accepted and shared by the majority of social subjects as the idea of non-harm; and the related procedure for measuring the morality of social subjects.
2. The morality of social subjects is measured in the process of ethical evaluation of their social actions. As a result, each social subject receives an individual index of morality, which is constantly corrected in the process of discursive practices.
3. Individual indices of morality of social subjects are used by other social subjects in ensuring the openness of civil society, state building, public administration, local self-government and other types of life.
Regulation 17. Discursive-evaluative method
1. The discursive-evaluative method is based on the global ecological principle, which is understood as a way of human behavior that ensures the survival of mankind, based on the non-harm of the environment, other people and oneself. From the global ecological principle stems the global ethical principle, according to which a person should behave in such a way as not to harm himself, others and the environment.
2. The discursive-evaluative method consists in the creation of a special information and communication structure that allows for directed network discourse and mass ethical assessment in real time, to visually reflect the harm or threat emanating from a social subject. Such reflection allows people to exert a precise humane influence on a social subject, and to prevent the harm caused by him, to destroy the threat posed by him.
3. The discursive-evaluative approach is a procedure for assessing the ethics (morality, morality) of the behavior of specific social subjects, based on the discursive practices of the specific life activity of these social subjects. In the course of these procedures, discursive-evaluative regulators appear. They remind the subject how to behave in a particular social situation, provide the subjects with the opportunity to explain why they do this and not another. Other actors are given the opportunity to evaluate the social actions of actors who are encouraged to change their behaviour in accordance with the global environmental principle.
Regulation 18. Ethics-Technology
1. Ethics-technology is a sequence of actions that ensures the harmless behavior of economic entities, the prevention of economic crimes.
2. Ethics-technology consists of a set of methods for applying the discursive-evaluative method for the formation of an ecological (moral) worldview of citizens.
3. The tool of ethics-technology is discursive-evaluative networks, with the help of which moral and creative behavior of people is ensured, and economic crimes are minimized.
4. Ecobehavior is behavior that excludes harm to oneself, other people and the environment.
5. Ecomanagement is the process of goal-setting, planning, motivation, organization, execution and control of a socially significant action, a management act, which excludes harm to oneself, other people and the environment.
Regulation 19. Eco-management
1. For the implementation of ecomanagement, studies of the real professional activity of a specific object of management (specialist) are carried out, based on the results of which models of this activity (models of professional activity) are created.
2. Studies and clarifications of models of real professional activity are continuous in order to take into account the changes made by the environment.
3. On the basis of models of professional activity, models of the personality of a specialist are created, the qualities of which correspond to the nature and requirements of real activity.
4. Models of the personality of a specialist form the basis of continuous training and education throughout the life of a specialist. Clarification of the model of the personality of a specialist, caused by changes in the situation, is immediately reflected in the content of training and education of specialists. Training is carried out by researchers of the real activity of specific specialists, who have a good idea of the subject of training and education. Intermediaries without experience in practical work in the profession and research of the real activities of specialists in the transfer of knowledge are unacceptable.
5. Compliance of the model of professional activity and the specific personality of a specialist is carried out through a group of expert and mass ethical assessment, as well as discourse - open public discussion.
6. If the discrepancy between the model of professional activity and the specific personality of the specialist is determined, such a specialist shall be rotated for additional training and education.
7. If the model of professional activity corresponds to the specific personality of the specialist, such a specialist shall be encouraged and appointed to a more responsible and managerial position.
8. Eco-management allows you to control the energy of human masses, directing it to creation.
Regulation 20. Eco-behavior
1. For the implementation of eco-behavior, studies of the real civic activity of a particular subject of civil society are carried out, based on the results of which models of this activity (models of civil activity) are created.
2. Studies and refinements of models of real civic activity are continuous in order to take into account the changes introduced by the situation.
3. On the basis of models of civil activity, models of the personality of a citizen are created, the qualities of which correspond to the nature and requirements of real activity.
4. Models of the citizen's personality form the basis of continuous education and upbringing throughout the life of a person. The clarification of the model of the citizen's personality, caused by changes in the situation, is immediately reflected in the content of education and upbringing of children, youth and adults. Training is carried out by researchers of the real activity of specific citizens, who have a good idea of the subject of education and upbringing. Intermediaries without experience in practical work in the profession and research of the real activities of citizens in the transfer of knowledge are unacceptable.
5. Compliance between the model of civic activity and the specific personality of a citizen is carried out through a group of expert and mass ethical assessment, as well as discourse - open public discussion.
6. When determining the discrepancy between the model of civic activity and the specific personality of a citizen, such a citizen shall be sent for additional training and education.
7. If the model of civic activity and the specific personality of a citizen are in accordance with the model, such a citizen shall be encouraged and nominated by the authorities.
Regulation 21. Discursive-evaluative networks
1. The construction of discursive-evaluative or socio-evaluative networks is carried out on the basis of the discursive-evaluative method.
2. Discursive-evaluative or socio-evaluative networks constitute the technological basis of eco-social technologies that visually reflect the process of group expert and mass ethical assessment and discussion of the behavior of social subjects using various scales.
3. Real-time assessment of behavior makes it possible to educate a person, forms the ability to comply with the requirements of the global environmental principle, the global ethical principle and the "Three S" rule in behavior.
To prevent economic crimes, it is necessary to use ethics-technology associated with the global environmental principle: man does not harm man. This global ecological principle is instilled in every person from early childhood through education and training. In this way, a change in human culture is ensured – the moral path of immoral civilization is realized.
These tasks are solved by maintaining eco-behavior and eco-management in human relations with the help of eco-social technologies based on visualization in information and communication environments, constructed on the basis of the discursive-evaluative method, and social feedback in real time. The discursive-evaluative method used in management and other activities allows each person to become the subject of his life, to create for other people and himself; not to harm the environment, neighbors and yourself.
In this way, our civilization will become eco-friendly (moral), harmless to the environment and to every person on planet Earth.
This is the only way to minimize economic crime.
CONCLUSION
As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made:
1. The main subject of economic crimes is administrative criminal groups (ACG), consisting of heads and officials of state authorities, businessmen involved in the commission of systematic mass economic crimes. The method of formation of ACG is collusion for the purpose of personal enrichment at any cost. The condition is the primacy of the destructive ideology of money (faith in money as in God). Circumstances – sociopathization of managers, officials, businessmen, characterized by the loss of conscience and compassion for people.
2. The ACG takes control of financial and economic activities and carries out systematic robbery of the population and embezzlement of budgets at all levels. This is the main threat to national security. Due to the fact that the ACG includes the heads and officials of the state security agencies, the judiciary and the police, the fight against them becomes useless and imitative. The main method of struggle is social filtration (identification and rotation of sociopaths from the governing bodies), as well as the defeat of the ideology of money, the replacement of this destructive ideology with the idea of a moral path (the ideology of morality) and the real implementation of moral policy by the state.
3. Economic security can also be considered as the ability of the state to educate moral citizens and appoint them to government bodies. Proceeding from this, economic security is ensured by moral personnel in all socially significant positions. Sociopaths are identified, flagged, and rotated immediately.
4. An integral part of national economic security is the destruction of regional ACGs. The crisis economic situation in the region is due to systematic mass economic crimes committed by local ACGs.
5. Ensuring economic security is not the prerogative of any one state body, department or service; It should be supported by the entire system of state bodies, all links and structures of the economy. The Declaration of the Moral Path of Mankind sets the task of educating moral citizens and ensuring the priority of the spiritual over the material in the consciousness and behavior of all leaders and employees of state authorities and the population.
6. In order to form a full-fledged system of state influence on the economy, a moral policy is carried out. The most important component of this process should be the staffing of government bodies, profiling and accounting for the social and professional compliance of personnel, and the analysis of data on relations.
7. Assessment and measurement of economic security should be carried out using a system of qualitative and quantitative indicators that characterize its essential manifestations: the level of morality of personnel; the quality of legal education; the degree of formation of legal collectives in the system of state authorities.
8. From a criminological point of view, the modern economy is far from being a perfect social organism: designed for moral, honest and law-abiding participants in market relations, it remains vulnerable to the encroachments of sociopaths, who breed various kinds of swindlers in all strata of society (from the highest power to the everyday level). Sociopaths are characterized by a criminally oriented use of the opportunities established for law-abiding participants in economic relations: a liberal regime of economic activity, freedom of enterprise protected by the state, a simplified procedure for registering private firms and joint-stock companies, establishing economic relations, concluding contracts, obtaining loans, etc which are AСGs.
AСG is created by such criminal factors as: complexity, "multi-layered" and intricacy of economic and legal regulation of economic relations, which provide a potential opportunity to find "gaps" and "loopholes" in legislation; differences in the normative regulation of certain economic issues in different countries, the presence of free economic zones, offshore zones.
9. The causal complex of this group of crimes is largely determined by the specifics of entrepreneurship itself as a special form of organization of economic activity: its risky nature, significant freedom and lack of strict regulation, the desire for maximum profit, which acts as a powerful driving motive for this activity and forces in conditions of fierce competition to act quickly, egocentrically and selfishly, according to the principle "the end justifies the means", including Illegal. These factors are aggravated by the high level of entropy of the economic environment, due to the multiplicity of economic relations, the immorality of the system of market relations, the number of economic agents, the weak order and lack of system of the norms of economic legislation.
Therefore, moral policy should determine the moral economy through the purposeful education of citizens accustomed to creative work and collective study and professional activity.
10. Not only, and not even so much individual types or groups of economic crimes, but the criminalization of the economy as a whole as a consequence of their immoral policy, undermines the foundations of the system of socio-economic relations, leads to their deformation, atrophy of legal forms and the establishment of antisocial norms of behavior in the economy, a pandemic of anomic depression. Criminalization of the sphere of economic activity has a systemic impact on the economy, the mechanism of management and the existing set of socio-economic relations, affecting their ethical basis.
Parasitizing on liberal market relations for illegal enrichment, economic crime inevitably leads to their destruction, a reduction in the field of economic freedom for other economic entities and the population, contributes to the stagnation of the social economy, the violation of market balance and normal reproduction processes and the death of the parasites themselves. Thus, there is a connection between sociopathy and suicidal behavior in the subjects of economic crimes. By causing harm to society, they commit suicide, that is, society sooner or later has a lethal effect on sociopaths and ACG under their control.
11. The effectiveness of ensuring economic security, the suppression of further criminalization of economic relations are associated with the practical implementation of the global social humanitarian project "The Moral Path of Humanity". Thus, all miscalculations and shortcomings in law-making and law enforcement activities to counter national and transnational organized economic crime, corruption, and legalization of illegal income will be eliminated. The solution of these problems is possible only on the moral path.
12. Proceeding from the fact that economic security should be ensured, first of all, by a moral policy, which guarantees the efficiency of the economy itself. Regulation of economic processes should be carried out according to the social and legal formula:
III-C + DOM,
Where
is III-C is the moral rule of the three C's;
DOM is a discursive-evaluative method.
This is the only way to form a system of effective owners of different types and ensure that the state fulfills its economic function as a legal guarantor of agreements and contracts concluded between any subjects of economic activity. The scale of the actions necessary to achieve these goals requires training of all economic and financial entities to apply new eco-social technologies based on the organization of the discursive-evaluative process structured by the moral rule of the three S's.
The creation of an effective system of state regulation of the economy is based on the education of moral specialists and administrative workers. It is the moral cadres who will take the necessary measures to develop the legal infrastructure, economic support for business, create economic guarantees for the population's savings in banks, pension funds, financial institutions, develop cooperation and refuse competition in the sectors of the national economy, ensure the availability of money for everyone as a tool for creation, and implement the principle "for everyone".
Moral leaders will carry out the industrialization of foreign trade turnover, primarily exports; will move from competition to cooperation in the domestic and foreign markets. The money will be used for moral education and professional training of the population, ensuring the well-being of everyone.
13. Psychological and psychiatric support of public administration. To protect public authorities from the penetration of sociopaths and economic crime, psychological and psychiatric support of public administration is carried out. Psychological and psychiatric support of public administration consists in the training of appropriate specialists who are subsequently involved in the detection and prevention of sociopathy in public authorities. When selecting personnel for public authorities, candidates for the civil service must be diagnosed for sociopathy.
In the course of their professional activities, civil servants annually take measures to diagnose their deprofessionalization and sociopathization. Based on the results of such events, a personnel decision is made on the rotation of persons whose psyche is destroyed by sociopathic manifestations. Diagnostics of deprofessionalization is carried out by experts with appropriate professional knowledge. Subjects who have discovered the main sign of deprofessionalization – amateurism – are sent for advanced training or make a decision on the rotation of an intellectually undeveloped personnel.
Identifying and removing sociopaths from public authorities is the main condition for ensuring global security, protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens. This procedure is called the "social filter". Without social filtration of state authorities, cleansing from sociopaths, no development and a normal, healthy future is possible. Managers should remember that the main source of harm to society is always sociopaths, and the personal safety of each head of a government body (unit) depends on their timely removal.
14. What to do if the state is taken over by sociopaths and ACGs? The sociopath and his ACG hold power over society and the state as long as people are mentally modest and socially cowardly. As a rule, sociopaths rob such a society, put it into a state of anomic depression, and people commit suicide, undermine their immunity and die at an accelerated rate. Sociopaths help them in this, sending people to wars for the redistribution of world resources. The death of people makes you wake up, see that they died for gas, oil, and other resources that never belonged to them and will never belong to them.
Epiphany is the first step on the path to freedom and justice.
The second step is to personally embark on the moral path. Do not harm anyone and create for everyone, follow the rule of the three S's. Morality is a harmless and creative behavior of a person in relation to himself and other people. Harm is a violation of the conditions of normal life activity felt and experienced by a person. Creation is a socially useful activity in the course of which a person gives others more than he receives in return.
Moral Rule III-C: Do not harm yourself (C1), your neighbors (C2), your environment (C3) by thought, word, or deed; Create for yourself, your neighbors, and your environment by thought, word, and deed.
The third step is to carry out moral education by personal example of members of your family, colleagues at work, business partners, paying attention to the fact that only moral relations guarantee life and well-being for everyone. Deception, the race for profit, the cult of trade and the ignorance of social relations lead everyone to disaster.
The last step is not to listen to sociopaths:
do not listen to a sociopath, for he lies and harms you;
do not look at the sociopath, for he lies and harms you;
Don't do what the sociopath calls you to do, he's lying and hurting you.
How to recognize a sociopath? Very simply, he violates the moral rule: he harms everyone and parasitizes on everyone, hiding behind the social mask of "caring for the people", "being chosen by God and the people" and so on. Any call to harm a person is a sociopath's marker, a mark of a man-devil. Having ceased to be a breeding ground for ACG and sociopaths, each person, having made a moral choice, will save himself, his family and all of humanity from the main threat – people without conscience and compassion, crazy immoral faces.
The answer of a normal person to a sociopath is as follows: Be treated, treated and treated again! Then study, study and learn again to benefit society and the state.
15. The participation of lawyers from all over the world in the "Moral Solidarity" movement is the consolidation of the moral forces of the legal community for the defeat of the ACG and the filtration of sociopaths in the state authorities. The author of the work gives every lawyer in Russia and other countries of the world a moral compass so as not to wander the turn of the jungle of law in the darkness of immorality.
16. In the course of the study, it was found that the use of the new ethics, linked by scientists V.A. Chigirev and P.I. Yunatskevich with global ecology, in two processes (economics and law) makes it possible to move to more honest and safe trade and transactions, as well as to train lawyers with a conscience and responsibility for the entrusted case.
The new ethics are based on the following principles and rules:
The Global Ecological Principle(GEP): a person should not harm himself, other people and the environment.
The Global Ethical Moral Principle(GEMP): A person should behave in a way that does not harm himself, other people and the environment.
Moral RuleIII-C: Do not harm yourself (C1), your neighbors (C2), your environment (C3) by thought, word, or deed; Create for yourself, your neighbors, and your environment by thought, word, and deed.
The discursive-evaluative method(DOM) is a way of regulating social relations based on group expert and mass assessment when discussing socially significant decisions.
This is ethics-technology, the use of which makes it possible to give social, economic, legal and other relations a harmless creative character. Creation is a socially useful activity in the course of which a person gives others more than he receives in return.
The use of new ethics in economics and jurisprudence gives these processes a moral coordinating principle. They acquire an important quality - harmlessness to a person and society.
The main provisions of the thesis are published in the following works of the author:
Gusakov Yu.V.Economic Crimes: A Practical Guide for Specialists and Human Rights Defenders / Book Series: The Moral Path of Humanity. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Informal Justice, 2025. – 233 p.
Gusakov Yu.V. Organizational, legal and methodological recommendations for the development of action plans provided for by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 809 of 09.11.2022 / Series of Books: Scientific Consortium of High Humanitarian and Social Technologies. – Saint Petersburg, Scientific Consortium of High Humanitarian and Social Technologies, 2023. – 188 p.
Gusakov Yu.V. Philosophical and legal analysis of the moral policy of the state: Monograph / Series of books: The moral path of humanity. – Moscow, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2024. – 201 p.
Gusakov Yu.V. Russia as a legal state: Scientific report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 5 p.
Gusakov Yu.V. Morality as a Legal Category: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 8 p.
Gusakov Y.V. Philosophical and Legal Analysis of Moral State Policy: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 9 p.
Gusakov Y.V. Analysis of the Phenomenon of Mass Anomie of Depression in the Post-Soviet Space: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 24 p.
Gusakov Yu.V. Ideological Support of State Construction and National Security, Defense and Legal System: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 8 p.
Gusakov Yu.V. Study of State Authorities of the Subjects of the Russian Federation for Awareness of the New State Policy of the President of the Russian Federation, Determined by Decree No 809 of November 09, 2022: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 8 p.
Gusakov Y.V. Paradigm Shift in Thinking of Legislators, Law Enforcement Officers and Human Rights Defenders: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 8 p.
Gusakov Yu.V. Moral and Legal Foundations of National Security: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 4 p.
Gusakov Y.V. Morality as a category of philosophy of law: Scientific report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 8 p.
Gusakov Y.V. Socially-Important Qualities of a Lawyer: Scientific Report. – St. Petersburg, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Ecosocial Technologies, 2025. – 14 p.
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